Geography, Policy, or Productivity? Regional Trade in five South American Countries, 1910-1950

Regional trade in South America since independence has long been much smaller than would be expected if geography were the only constraint on trade. Several potential explanations exist: low technological and demand complementarities; low productivity; high natural and policy barriers to trade.

自独立以来，南美洲的区域贸易规模长期远低于仅以地理为贸易唯一约束条件时的预期水平。存在若干潜在解释：技术与需求互补性较低；生产率不高；贸易面临的自然与政策壁垒较高。