Child Mortality Data Source and GPR Results

There are three types of data that include the summary and complete birth history data. Census data, the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and the ARJ project (Iranian population growth rate measurement) contain SBH questions only; the DHS contains CBH questions as well. Subsequently, the census data of 1986, 1996, 2006, and 2011, the DHS data of 2000 and 2010, and those of the ARJ project in 1999 were determined as the sources of data. 1. Census The first and last ‘National Population and Housing Census’ in Iran took place in 1956 and 2011, respectively. As per the 4th Article of Iran’s Statistics Center, this census is to be performed every five years upon the President’s order. The next National Population and Housing Census in Iran takes place in 2016. The main goal of this census is to collect statistics and data from all over the country to identify demographic and housing characteristics. The latter is used to process data required for social development, economic and cultural planning, and also to prepare grounds for appropriate frameworks for statistical investigations. The census forms include questions on the status of morbidity and mortality. SBH –related questions are also included in these questionnaires. In Iran, these questions have been included in the questionnaires since 1981, in the following form: Total number of female/male children born alive; total number of female/male children currently alive (living with this or another household). We used the SBH data of the censuses of the years 1986, 1996, 2006, and 2011. 2. Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) This study has in fact been derived from global studies on fertility and prevalence of contraceptive use, in which, data related to fertility, pregnancy, maternal and child health and nutrition in developing countries are collected. However, data on malaria, AIDS, and domestic abuse are collected voluntarily. In order to estimate child mortality in this program, the SBH and CBH questions are included in the questionnaire as well. The SBH and CBH data of the 2000 DHS project were used to estimate child mortality. The quality of the 2010 data was poor, so they were put aside and not used for the study. 3. MOHME’s Death Registration System Currently, two organizations are responsible for registering deaths in Iran; the National Organization for Civil Registration and MOHME’s Death Registration System. The National Organization for Civil Registration data contains many errors and delays in reporting. In 1995, an effort was made in the Bushehr province to launch a registry using all possible sources and afterwards, this step was taken across the entire country. Initially (from 1995 to 2001), MOHME’s Deputy of Research was in charge of registering death data. Afterwards, MOHME’s Deputy of Health took charge and has continued to do so since then. Here, we have used the data from the years 1995 to 2010. The 2005 data were not available, hence they were not used.

本数据集涵盖三类数据，均包含生育史汇总数据与完整生育史数据。仅包含简短生育史（SBH）问题的数据集包括人口普查数据、人口与健康调查（DHS）以及伊朗人口增长率测算ARJ项目数据；其中DHS同时包含完整生育史（CBH）问题。后续本研究确定以1986、1996、2006及2011年人口普查数据、2000年与2010年DHS数据，以及1999年ARJ项目数据作为数据源。

1. 人口普查
伊朗首次及末次全国人口与住房普查分别于1956年和2011年开展。根据伊朗统计中心第4条规定，该普查需在总统指令下每五年开展一次，下一次全国人口与住房普查计划于2016年进行。本次普查的核心目标是收集全国范围内的统计数据，以掌握人口与住房特征，相关数据可用于支撑社会发展、经济与文化规划所需的数据处理，并为统计调查构建合理框架奠定基础。普查问卷涵盖疾病发病与死亡状况相关问题，同时包含与SBH相关的调查问题。自1981年起，伊朗将此类问题纳入普查问卷，具体内容包括：活产男童/女童总数、当前仍存活的男童/女童总数（与受访者同住或居住于其他家庭）。本研究使用了1986、1996、2006及2011年人口普查的SBH数据。

2. 人口与健康调查（DHS）
本研究数据源自全球生育与避孕普及率研究项目，该项目面向发展中国家收集生育、妊娠、母婴健康及营养相关数据，疟疾、艾滋病及家庭暴力相关数据则为自愿填报。为估算儿童死亡率，该调查的问卷中同时纳入了SBH与CBH问题。本研究使用2000年DHS项目的SBH与CBH数据来估算儿童死亡率；2010年DHS数据质量不佳，故未纳入本研究。

3. 伊朗卫生部（MOHME）死亡登记系统
目前伊朗有两家机构负责死亡登记工作，分别为国家民事登记组织与伊朗卫生部（MOHME）死亡登记系统。国家民事登记组织的登记数据存在较多错误与报告延迟问题。1995年，布什尔省率先尝试通过多渠道整合建立死亡登记系统，随后该模式在全国范围内推广。1995年至2001年期间，伊朗卫生部研究副主管负责死亡数据登记工作，此后由卫生部卫生副主管接手并延续至今。本研究使用了1995年至2010年的登记数据，其中2005年的数据无法获取，故未纳入分析。