Microbiological quality of water and Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) mussels cultivated in Piúma, Espírito Santo, Brazil

ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify the microbiological quality of water and mussels cultivated by the Piúma Farmers Association (Associação dos Maricultores de Piúma — AMPI), Espírito Santo, Brazil. Seven samples of water and mussels were collected monthly from October 2016 to May 2017. The mussels were collected from the long lines of the AMPI, and in each month 40 mussels Perna perna and 100 mL of water were sampled from the site. The collected material was sent to the laboratory for duplicate microbiological analysis, Most Probable Number of Total (CT) and Thermotolerant (Ctt) coliforms, presence or absence of Salmonella sp and number of Staphylococcus aureus colony forming units. The results showed that the number of Ctt in the water samples in January was higher than that allowed by Resolution 357 of the National Environment Council (Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente — CONAMA). The levels of Ctt and Staphylococcus aureus in mussel meat were within the acceptable range by the Brazilian National Environment Council (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária — ANVISA) Resolution RDC No. 12. However, colonies with characteristics of Salmonella sp were found in December and March in the mussels, making it impossible to sell and consume. This period coincides with a high flow of tourists in the municipality. Finally, it is recommended to perform microbiological analyzes continuously, especially in the summer, where there are a lot of tourists in the city of Piúma, period that showed the presence of Salmonella in the meat of mussels and Ctt levels in water above the allowed current legislation.

摘要 本研究旨在验证巴西埃斯皮里图桑托州皮乌马贝类养殖者协会（Associação dos Maricultores de Piúma — AMPI）所养殖水体与贻贝的微生物学质量。2016年10月至2017年5月期间，每月采集7份水体与贻贝样本。贻贝采自AMPI的延绳养殖架，每月从采样点采集40只佩纳贻贝（Perna perna）与100 mL水体。采集的样本被送至实验室开展平行微生物学分析：检测总大肠菌群（Total Coliforms, CT）与耐热大肠菌群（Thermotolerant Coliforms, Ctt）的最可能数、沙门氏菌属（Salmonella sp.）的存在与否，以及金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）的菌落形成单位数。
结果显示，1月水体样本中的耐热大肠菌群（Ctt）数量超出了巴西国家环境委员会（Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente — CONAMA）第357号决议的允许限值。贻贝肉中耐热大肠菌群（Ctt）与金黄色葡萄球菌的含量均符合巴西国家卫生监督局（Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária — ANVISA）RDC第12号决议规定的可接受标准。然而，12月与3月的贻贝样本中检出具有沙门氏菌属特征的菌落，导致该批次产品无法销售与食用。这一时期与该市的旅游高峰期重合。最后，研究建议持续开展微生物学检测，尤其在皮乌马市游客众多的夏季——该时期曾检出贻贝肉中存在沙门氏菌，且水体中耐热大肠菌群（Ctt）含量超出现行法规限值。