INTERNET OF THINGS-BASED PRODUCTS/SERVICES: PROCESS AND CHALLENGES ON DEVELOPING THE BUSINESS MODELS

ABSTRACT Many companies nowadays are struggling to understand the unprecedented complexity of developing business models for products and services based on the Internet of Things (IoT). This article aims at investigating what are the elements to be taken into account in order to create a business model for IoT-based products/services and what are the main challenges faced in this process. To address these questions, we review the literature on the creation of business models for the IoT and we analyze data from an action research involving the generation of a business model for an IoT-based product - a smart door lock - in a small company. We explore how this process occurred and the challenges faced.

摘要 如今，诸多企业正深陷困境，难以洞悉基于物联网（Internet of Things，以下简称IoT）开发产品与服务商业模式所面临的前所未有的复杂性。本文旨在探究两大核心议题：其一，构建面向物联网产品或服务的商业模式时，需纳入考量的关键要素有哪些；其二，该流程中面临的主要挑战为何。为解答上述问题，本文首先系统梳理了物联网商业模式构建领域的相关研究文献，随后分析了一项行动研究的相关数据：该研究针对一家小型企业的一款基于物联网的产品——智能门锁——开展商业模式构建工作，并探究了该流程的具体推进情况与过程中遭遇的各类挑战。