Protection Monitoring, 2020

The size of the outflows from Venezuela sharply increased from some 700,000 in 2015 to over 4 million by June 2019, largely driven by a substantial deterioration of the situation in the country. Given the disruption of the functioning of some democratic institutions and rule of law, and its impact on the preservation of security, economic stability, health, public peace and the general welfare system, the crisis continues to worsen and serious human rights violations are widely reported. The displacement outside Venezuela has mostly affected countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, particularly Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and the southern Caribbean islands. Most governments in the region have made efforts to facilitate access to territory, documentation and access to services, but the capacity of host countries has become overstretched to address the increasing protection and integration needs, resulting in tighter border controls being put in place. Protection monitoring is a core UNHCR activity which aims at ensuring an adequate and timely understanding of the protection situation of persons affected by forced displacement. The action-oriented nature of protection monitoring allows UNHCR to adapt to the needs and protection risks faced by persons displaced outside Venezuela and informs a broad range of responses.

委内瑞拉外流人口规模从2015年的约70万人大幅攀升至2019年6月的400万人以上，这一变化主要由该国局势的急剧恶化所驱动。鉴于部分民主制度与法治体系运转失灵，且其对国家安全、经济稳定、公共卫生、社会秩序及整体福利体系的存续造成严重冲击，该国危机持续升级，大规模侵犯人权的行为被广泛报道。委内瑞拉境外的流离失所人口主要对拉美及加勒比地区国家造成影响，尤以阿根廷、巴西、智利、哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔、秘鲁以及加勒比南部岛屿为甚。该地区多数政府已采取举措，为难民提供入境渠道、身份证件办理服务及公共服务获取途径，但东道国的承载能力已难以应对日益增长的保护与融合需求，导致各国纷纷收紧边境管控措施。保护监测是联合国难民署（UNHCR）的核心工作之一，旨在充分且及时地掌握被迫流离失所者的保护处境，其行动导向特性可帮助联合国难民署适配委内瑞拉境外流离失所者面临的各类需求与保护风险，并为多维度应对举措提供信息支撑。