Data_Sheet_1_Organ donation: Key factors influencing the younger generation's decision-making in China.pdf

BackgroundThe organ transplantation sector in China is facing a severe shortage of donors, and the organ donation rate needs to be increased. Since 2015, voluntary donation by citizens has become the only source of organs for transplantation in China. In recent years, there has been a relatively positive change in young people's attitudes toward organ donation after death. The aim of the study was to understand young people's perceptions and attitudes toward organ donation and the factors that influence them and can positively impact the promotion of organ donation.
MethodsBy analyzing relevant literature and legal texts, we developed a questionnaire. Information was obtained through questionnaires and interviews, and 501 valid questionnaires were returned from the target group. A chi-square test was used to examine whether there were significant differences in the willingness to organ donation among young people with different characteristics. A factor analysis was used to investigate the main factors influencing the different attitudes of young people toward organ donation, and a one-way ANOVA was used to examine whether young people with different characteristics were affected differently by different factors.
ResultsIn our survey of young people aged 18–30 years, 99.2% of respondents knew about organ donation, 47.1% were willing to donate organs, and 15.2% understood that there were corresponding laws and regulations for organ donation. The study's findings showed that urban residents are more willing to be organ donators than rural residents; people with higher education levels have better awareness and are more willing to donate an organ; and people with religious beliefs are more likely to donate organs. The main factors that support the willingness of young people to donate are the social environment that provides support, their optimism in dealing with death, and their desire to realize their final value after death. The main factors for those unwilling to donate were low awareness or misconceptions about organ donation among individuals and their families and their attitudes toward death. As the people who took the questionnaire are probably interested in organ donation, the sample results will show a higher percentage of people who know about organ donation. We hope to discuss further with a larger and broader sample coverage to improve the estimates' validity and reflect the overall picture more accurately in a future study.
ConclusionYoung people knew about organ donation but had a low depth of awareness. Household registration type, education level, and religious affiliation significantly correlate with people's willingness to donate. The supportive environment for organ donation in society and the correct understanding of the organ donation process and laws and regulations can influence people's willingness to donate.

研究背景：中国器官移植领域面临供体严重短缺的困境，器官捐献率亟待提升。自2015年起，公民自愿捐献已成为中国器官移植的唯一合法供体来源。近年来，年轻人对死后器官捐献的态度出现了较为积极的转变。本研究旨在了解年轻人对器官捐献的认知与态度，以及影响其态度、可用于助力器官捐献推广的相关因素。
研究方法：本研究通过梳理相关文献与法律文本，设计了调查问卷。研究通过问卷与访谈收集信息，最终从目标群体中回收有效问卷501份。采用卡方检验（chi-square test）分析不同特征年轻人的器官捐献意愿是否存在显著差异；通过因子分析（factor analysis）探究影响年轻人对器官捐献持有不同态度的主要因素；采用单因素方差分析（one-way ANOVA）检验不同特征群体受各因素影响的程度是否存在差异。
研究结果：本次调研对象为18至30岁的年轻人，其中99.2%的受访者知晓器官捐献相关信息，47.1%的受访者愿意捐献器官，仅15.2%的受访者了解器官捐献对应的法律法规。研究结果显示：城市户籍居民的器官捐献意愿显著高于农村户籍居民；受教育程度更高的群体对器官捐献的认知更全面，捐献意愿也更强；拥有宗教信仰的群体更倾向于捐献器官。支持年轻人产生捐献意愿的主要因素包括：提供支持的社会环境、对死亡的乐观态度，以及实现死后最终价值的愿望。而不愿捐献器官的群体，其主要阻碍因素则包括：个人及家属对器官捐献的认知不足或存在误解，以及对死亡的态度。由于本次参与问卷调研的群体可能对器官捐献更为关注，样本中知晓器官捐献的人群比例偏高。未来研究将扩大样本覆盖范围与广度，以提升评估结果的有效性，更准确地反映整体群体的真实情况。
研究结论：年轻人对器官捐献具备基础认知，但认知深度不足。户籍类型、受教育程度与宗教信仰与人们的器官捐献意愿存在显著相关性。社会层面的器官捐献支持环境，以及对器官捐献流程与法律法规的正确认知，均可对人们的捐献意愿产生影响。