Data_Sheet_1_SILVOLIVE, a Germplasm Collection of Wild Subspecies With High Genetic Variability as a Source of Rootstocks and Resistance Genes for Olive Breeding.docx

Wild subspecies of Olea europaea constitute a source of genetic variability with huge potential for olive breeding to face global changes in Mediterranean-climate regions. We intend to identify wild olive genotypes with optimal adaptability to different environmental conditions to serve as a source of rootstocks and resistance genes for olive breeding. The SILVOLIVE collection includes 146 wild genotypes representative of the six O. europaea subspecies and early-generations hybrids. These genotypes came either from olive germplasm collections or from direct prospection in Spain, continental Africa and the Macaronesian archipelago. The collection was genotyped with plastid and nuclear markers, confirming the origin of the genotypes and their high genetic variability. Morphological and architectural parameters were quantified in 103 genotypes allowing the identification of three major groups of correlative traits including vigor, branching habits and the belowground-to-aboveground ratio. The occurrence of strong phenotypic variability in these traits within the germplasm collection has been shown. Furthermore, wild olive relatives are of great significance to be used as rootstocks for olive cultivation. Thus, as a proof of concept, different wild genotypes used as rootstocks were shown to regulate vigor parameters of the grafted cultivar “Picual” scion, which could improve the productivity of high-density hedgerow orchards.

野生油橄榄（Olea europaea）亚种是一类遗传变异资源，在应对地中海气候区全球环境变化的油橄榄育种中具备巨大应用潜力。本研究旨在筛选出对不同环境条件适应性最优的野生油橄榄基因型，以作为油橄榄育种的砧木与抗性基因来源。本SILVOLIVE种质资源库包含146份野生基因型，涵盖6个油橄榄亚种及早期世代杂交种。这些基因型均源自现有油橄榄种质资源库，或直接采集自西班牙、非洲大陆以及马卡罗尼西亚群岛。研究团队通过质体标记与核分子标记对该资源库进行了基因分型，验证了各基因型的来源及其丰富的遗传变异。研究人员对103份基因型的形态与结构参数进行了量化分析，鉴定出三大关联性状类群，分别为生长势、分枝习性以及地下部与地上部比率。研究证实该种质资源库内上述性状存在显著的表型变异。此外，野生油橄榄近缘类群作为油橄榄栽培的砧木具备重要应用价值。作为概念验证，本研究证实多款野生基因型作为砧木可调控嫁接品种‘皮夸尔（Picual）’接穗的生长势参数，进而有望提升高密度篱壁式果园的生产效率。