Neckera, Forsstroemia and Alleniella (Neckeraceae, Bryophyta) redefined based on phylogenetic analyses. Phylogeny of Neckera

Phylogenetic relationships of species within the pleurocarpous moss genus Neckera s.l. (Neckeraceae) are reconstructed based on three genomic regions: the plastid rps4-trnT-trnL-trnF cluster and the rpl16 group II intron, as well as the internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2). The phylogenetic reconstruction suggests numerous taxonomic changes within the Neckeraceae. Two unispecific Asian genera are described as new: Taiwanobryopsis to accommodate Neckera warburgii, and Indoneckera to accommodate Neckera himalayana. Seven of the other ‘‘Neckera’’ species, all distributed in Asia, are transferred to Forsstroemia, and a further four Asian species to Taiwanobryum. Six Southern Hemisphere or tropical species (one from New Zealand, one from Africa, four from South America) are transferred to Alleniella. After these adjustments, Neckera becomes a northern hemisphere, mainly temperate, genus of c. 10 species that are absent from the tropics. It is in this context morphologically characterized by lack of paraphyllia (except N. californica) and an absent or weak costa. Alleniella has two species—the first diverging lineages—in the northern hemisphere, but the rest of the currently 15 species are distributed in the southern hemisphere and most of the species occur in mountain habitats in the tropics; it is however absent from tropical Asia and very scarce in Asia in general. Twelve of the 15 species have paraphyllia, which is the clearest morphological distinction from Neckera. Forsstroemia with 19 species, heavily concentrated in Asia, is the largest genus in the Neckeraceae. Clearly longer and more distinct costa distinguishes the genus from Neckera and Alleniella. Taiwanobryum is a morphologically heterogeneous Asian genus of nine species. Neckera decurrens Broth. is synonymized with Forsstroemia fauriei and Neckera valentiniana Besch. with Alleniella ehrenbergii.

本研究基于3个基因组区域，对侧蒴藓类（pleurocarpous moss）平藓科（Neckeraceae）广义Neckera属（Neckera s.l.）内物种的系统发育关系进行重建，所用区域包括质体rps4-trnT-trnL-trnF基因簇（plastid rps4-trnT-trnL-trnF cluster）、rpl16 II型内含子（rpl16 group II intron），以及细胞核核糖体DNA内部转录间隔区（ITS1-5.8S-ITS2）。系统发育重建结果显示，平藓科内存在多处分类学修订。本研究建立2个新的单型亚洲属：台湾拟藓属（Taiwanobryopsis），用以容纳原Neckera warburgii；以及印平藓属（Indoneckera），用以容纳原Neckera himalayana。另有7个原归入"Neckera"的亚洲物种被归入Forsstroemia属（Forsstroemia），另外4个亚洲物种被归入台湾藓属（Taiwanobryum）。6个南半球或热带物种（1种产自新西兰、1种产自非洲、4种产自南美洲）被归入Alleniella属（Alleniella）。经上述分类调整后，Neckera属成为以北半球为主的温带属，仅含约10个物种且不分布于热带；该属的典型形态特征为不具拟叶体（paraphyllia，除N. californica外），且中肋（costa）缺失或较弱。Alleniella属在北半球有2个物种，为该属最早分化的类群；但目前该属其余15个物种均分布于南半球，且多数物种见于热带山地生境，不过该属在热带亚洲无分布记录，且在亚洲整体分布极为稀少。该属15个物种中有12个具拟叶体，这是其与Neckera属最显著的形态区分特征。Forsstroemia属含19个物种，主要集中分布于亚洲，是平藓科中物种数量最多的属；该属最显著的形态特征为具更长且更明显的中肋，可与Neckera属和Alleniella属相区分。台湾藓属（Taiwanobryum）为形态异质性的亚洲属，共含9个物种。本研究将Neckera decurrens Broth. 处理为Forsstroemia fauriei的异名，将Neckera valentiniana Besch. 处理为Alleniella ehrenbergii的异名。