FRAGSTATS DATABASE: Showcasing relationships between neighborhood design and Wellbeing Toronto indicators

A research study across the 140 neighborhood‐landscapes (streetscapes) of Toronto was presented through three main intentions. Its foundational goal was to calculate landscape ecology metrics from the 2007 land cover dataset for the City of Toronto; for use in sustainable development planning strategies and to bolster its Wellbeing Toronto data dashboard. In doing so, 130 landscape ecology metrics were computed to serve as a foundational suite for the City of Toronto: 18 class configuration metrics across seven of the City’s eight land cover categories and four landscape diversity metrics. Metrics for agriculture were not included due to very limited neighborhood representation. The 18 class configuration metrics computed for each of the seven land cover types were: class area (CA), percentage of landscape (PLAND), patch density (PD), largest patch index (LPI), landscape shape index (LSI), mean patch area (AREA_MN), area-weighted mean patch area (AREA_AM), area‐weighted mean shape index (SHAPE_AM), area‐weighted mean patch fractal dimension (FRAC_AM), perimeter‐area fractal dimension (PAFRAC), area‐weighted core area distribution (CORE_AM), area‐weighted core area index (CAI_AM), area‐weighted mean Euclidean nearest neighbor distance (ENN_AM), clumpiness index (CLUMPY), percentage‐of‐like‐adjacency (PLADJ), patch cohesion index (COHESION), landscape division index (DIVISION), and effective mesh size (MESH). Additionally, the four landscape diversity metrics were: Patch richness density (PRD), Relative patch richness (RPR), Shannon’s diversity index (SHDI), and Shannon’s evenness index (SHEI). Note that other relationships await discovery using this free database; thus, forthcoming germane research should consider its adoption. The landscape ecology database is provided here via GIS shapefile format and can be used freely with citation.

本研究针对多伦多市140个街区景观（街道景观）展开，确立了三大核心研究目标。其基础研究目标为基于多伦多市2007年土地覆被数据集计算景观生态学指标，以供可持续发展规划策略使用，并充实多伦多市福祉数据仪表盘。为此，研究团队共计算得到130项景观生态学指标，作为多伦多市的基础指标集：涵盖该市8类土地覆被中7类的18项类构型指标，以及4项景观多样性指标。由于农业用地在街区样本中占比极低，未纳入农业类相关指标。针对7类土地覆被类型计算的18项类构型指标分别为：斑块面积（Class Area, CA）、景观占比（Percentage of Landscape, PLAND）、斑块密度（Patch Density, PD）、最大斑块指数（Largest Patch Index, LPI）、景观形状指数（Landscape Shape Index, LSI）、平均斑块面积（Mean Patch Area, AREA_MN）、面积加权平均斑块面积（Area-weighted Mean Patch Area, AREA_AM）、面积加权平均形状指数（Area-weighted Mean Shape Index, SHAPE_AM）、面积加权平均斑块分维数（Area-weighted Mean Patch Fractal Dimension, FRAC_AM）、周长-面积分维数（Perimeter-area Fractal Dimension, PAFRAC）、面积加权核心面积分布（Area-weighted Core Area Distribution, CORE_AM）、面积加权核心面积指数（Area-weighted Core Area Index, CAI_AM）、面积加权平均欧氏最近邻距离（Area-weighted Mean Euclidean Nearest Neighbor Distance, ENN_AM）、聚集度指数（Clumpiness Index, CLUMPY）、相似邻接百分比（Percentage-of-like-adjacency, PLADJ）、斑块凝聚度指数（Patch Cohesion Index, COHESION）、景观分割度指数（Landscape Division Index, DIVISION）以及有效网格尺寸（Effective Mesh Size, MESH）。4项景观多样性指标分别为：斑块丰富度密度（Patch Richness Density, PRD）、相对斑块丰富度（Relative Patch Richness, RPR）、香农多样性指数（Shannon’s Diversity Index, SHDI）以及香农均匀度指数（Shannon’s Evenness Index, SHEI）。需注意，该免费数据库仍可用于发掘其他潜在关联，后续相关研究可考虑采用该数据集。本景观生态学数据库以GIS形状文件（shapefile）格式提供，可在注明引用来源的前提下免费使用。