Key epidemiological parameters.

Background
Approximately two-thirds of Argentine adults are overweight or obese, and 11% have diabetes. Over the last two decades, all population groups have increased their consumption of ultra-processed foods and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). We aimed to estimate the disease burden—deaths, events, and costs to the health system—attributed to SSB consumption in Argentina.
Methods
We used a comparative risk assessment framework to estimate the health and economic impacts that would be avoided in a scenario without sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. We calculated the direct effects on diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and BMI, and then estimated the effects of BMI on disease incidence. Finally, we applied the population attributable factor to calculate the health and economic burden avoided in Argentina in 2020.
Results
Our model estimated that about 4,425 deaths, 110,000 healthy life years lost to premature death and disability, more than 520,000 cases of overweight and obesity in adults, and 774,000 in children and adolescents would be attributed to SSB Consumption in Argentina. This disease burden corresponds to 23% of type-2 diabetes cases and other significant proportions of cardiovascular disease and cancer. The overweight and obesity costs attributable to SSB totaled approximately $47 million in adults and $15 million in children and adolescents.
Conclusion
A significant number of disease cases, deaths, and health care costs could be attributed to SSB consumption in Argentina. Implementing measures to reduce the sugar content in beverages is a pending debt for the country and could lead to measurable improvements in population health, especially among children and adolescents.

背景
阿根廷约三分之二的成年人处于超重或肥胖状态，11%的成年人患有糖尿病。在过去二十年中，全人群的超加工食品（ultra-processed foods）与添加糖甜味饮料（sugar-sweetened beverages, SSB）消费量均有所上升。本研究旨在估算阿根廷因饮用添加糖甜味饮料所导致的疾病负担，包括死亡病例、疾病事件与卫生系统成本。

方法
本研究采用比较风险评估框架，估算完全不饮用添加糖甜味饮料的场景下可避免的健康与经济影响。我们首先计算了添加糖甜味饮料对糖尿病、心血管疾病（cardiovascular disease）以及体质量指数（body mass index, BMI）的直接作用，随后估算了体质量指数变化对疾病发病率的影响。最终，我们应用人群归因因子（population attributable factor）计算了2020年阿根廷可避免的健康与经济负担。

结果
本模型估算显示，阿根廷境内约4425例死亡、110000个因过早死亡与残疾损失的健康寿命年（healthy life years）、520000余例成年人超重与肥胖病例，以及774000例儿童与青少年超重或肥胖病例，均可归因于添加糖甜味饮料的饮用。该疾病负担占2型糖尿病（type-2 diabetes）总病例数的23%，同时在心血管疾病与癌症病例中也占据显著比例。由添加糖甜味饮料导致的超重与肥胖相关医疗成本，成年人部分总计约4700万美元，儿童与青少年部分总计约1500万美元。

结论
阿根廷因饮用添加糖甜味饮料导致的疾病病例、死亡病例与医疗成本规模可观。落实降低饮料糖分含量的相关举措，仍是阿根廷亟待推进的公共卫生任务，此类措施可带来可量化的人群健康改善，尤其对儿童与青少年群体获益显著。