Table2_Global trends in the health economics field of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: A bibliometric and visualized study.XLS

Inhibitors of programmed cell death protein 1 and its associated ligand (PD-L1) are widely used in cancer treatment. However, medical costs and benefits of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors need attention owing to differences in response rates among individuals. This study explored global trends in the health economics field of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors to enhance their worldwide development. Bibliometric analysis of all documents currently indexed in Web of Science Core Collection from inception to 2022 was performed. Publication year, authors, countries, institutes, and journals were analyzed by Bibliometrix package (version 3.2.1) in R (version 4.1.3). CiteSpace (version 6.1.R6) and VOSviewer (version 1.6.18) were used to analyze burst words, co-authorship of institutes, co-cited journals, and co-cited references, while figures were mainly drawn by Ggplot2 package (version 3.3.5) in R (version 4.1.3) and SCImago Graphica Beta (version 1.0.23). A total of 2020 documents related to the health economics of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were identified, and 1,204 documents met the selection criteria for inclusion in the study. A rapid increase in the number of publications since 2019 was observed, but this increase stopped in 2022, revealing research saturation in the field. Value in Health (166 publications, 13.79% of total documents) had the most publications, while New England Journal of Medicine (2,890 co-citations) was the most co-cited journal. The United States was the leading contributor in this field with 506 publications and the top two productive institutes globally. The main hot topics included the cost-effectiveness of treatment with PD-1 and/or PD-L1 inhibitors, and the comparison between the cost-effectiveness of PD-/PD-L1 inhibitors and other drugs. There were substantial differences between developed and developing countries in the health economics field of PD-1 and/or PD-L1 inhibitors. The cost-effectiveness analysis of combined treatment with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and other drugs warrants further attention. Findings from this study may provide governments and pharmaceutical companies with a strong reference for future research.

程序性死亡蛋白1（Programmed Cell Death Protein 1, PD-1）及其配体（PD-L1）抑制剂已广泛应用于癌症治疗。然而，由于个体应答率存在差异，PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂的医疗成本与获益仍需得到关注。本研究旨在探究PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂卫生经济学领域的全球研究趋势，以推动其在全球范围内的发展。本研究针对Web of Science核心合集（Web of Science Core Collection）建库以来至2022年收录的全部文献进行文献计量分析。采用R语言（version 4.1.3）中的Bibliometrix工具包（version 3.2.1）对文献的发表年份、作者、国家、机构及期刊进行分析。使用CiteSpace（version 6.1.R6）与VOSviewer（version 1.6.18）分析突现词、机构合作关系、期刊共引与文献共引情况，而图表主要通过R语言（version 4.1.3）中的Ggplot2工具包（version 3.3.5）与SCImago Graphica Beta（version 1.0.23）绘制。本研究共检索到与PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂卫生经济学相关的文献2020篇，其中1204篇符合纳入标准并进入本次分析。研究发现，2019年以来文献发表量快速增长，但2022年增长态势停滞，反映出该领域的研究已趋于饱和。《健康价值（Value in Health）》以166篇文献（占总文献量的13.79%）成为发文量最高的期刊，而《新英格兰医学杂志（New England Journal of Medicine）》的总被引频次达2890次，为被引最多的期刊。美国是该领域的核心贡献国，共发表506篇文献，同时拥有全球发文量排名前二的研究机构。研究热点主要包括PD-1和/或PD-L1抑制剂治疗的成本效益分析，以及PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂与其他药物的成本效益对比。发达国家与发展中国家在PD-1和/或PD-L1抑制剂卫生经济学领域存在显著差异。PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂与其他药物联合治疗的成本效益分析仍需进一步关注。本研究结果可为各国政府与制药企业的后续研究提供有力参考。