BIOENERGY PRODUCTION AS A AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY SEGMENT BASED ON ORGANIC WASTE ENERGY CONVERSION

The transition to alternative energy sources is determined by the scarcity of fossil fuels and problems associated with climate change. Bioenergy production is particularly relevant in rural areas where biological factors of production play a key role. Scientifi c and technological progress in the development of bioenergy potential is aimed at obtaining biofuels of the second and third generation. The paper summarizes global experience of bioenergy development. Based on the obtained results, the ways and mechanisms of bioenergy development in Russia are proposed, namely, solving the problems of decontamination and recycling of organic waste, obtaining environmentally friendly organic bio-fertilizers, reducing the anthropogenic impact
of agriculture on the environment and soil, increasing the profi tability of agricultural organizations and employment in rural areas. The development of bioenergy potential represents a wide range of technologies and approaches to organizing energy production from organic raw materials, requires special knowledge and skills of administrative and management personnel, and should also include mechanisms for fi nancial support of the industry through the development of a state target program. This approach can be implemented through the organization of a system of regional specialized institutes (technoparks) based
on the existing agricultural enterprises.

替代能源转型进程的推进，取决于化石燃料的稀缺性与气候变化引发的各类问题。生物能源（bioenergy）产业在生物性生产要素发挥核心作用的农村地区具有尤为重要的发展意义。生物能源潜能开发相关的科技进步，旨在研发并获取第二代、第三代生物燃料。本文梳理了全球生物能源产业的发展经验。基于本研究所得结果，本文提出了俄罗斯生物能源产业的发展路径与保障机制：具体包括解决有机废弃物的净化与循环利用难题、制备环境友好型有机生物肥料、降低农业活动对环境与土壤的人为干扰、提升农业经营主体的盈利能力以及推动农村地区就业扩容。生物能源潜能的开发涵盖了以有机原料为基础开展能源生产的各类技术与实施路径，对行政与管理人员的专业知识与技能提出了特定要求，同时还需通过制定国家专项规划，构建产业金融支持机制。该发展路径可依托现有农业企业，通过搭建区域专业化科研机构（科技园区，technoparks）体系予以落地实施。