Supplementary Table S5 from Joint inhibition of mitochondrial complex IV and alternative oxidase by genetic or chemical means represses chloroplast transcription in <i>Arabidopsis</i>

Changes in the functional state of mitochondria have profound effects on other cellular compartments. Genome-wide expression analysis of Arabidopsis rps10 mutants with an RNAi-silenced expression of mitoribosomal S10 protein has revealed extensive transcriptional reprogramming. A meta-analysis comparing expression datasets of 25 mitochondrial perturbations showed a high similarity of the aox1a:rpoTmp mutant, which is defective in the alternative oxidase (AOX1a) and dual-targeted mitochondrial and plastid RNA polymerase (RPOTmp), to rps10. Both rps10 and aox1a:rpoTmp showed a significantly decreased electron flux through both the cytochrome and the alternative respiratory pathways, and a markedly decreased the expression of nuclear-encoded components of the chloroplast transcription machinery. In line with this, a decreased level of plastid transcripts was observed in rps10 and aox1a:rpoTmp, which was reflected in a reduced rate of chloroplast transcription. Chemical treatment of wild-type seedlings with respiratory inhibitors showed that only simultaneous and direct inhibition of complex IV and AOX activity decreased the level of plastid transcripts. Taken together, both chemical and genetic studies show that the limitation of the activity of two mitochondrial terminal oxidases, complex IV and AOX, negatively impacts chloroplast transcription. Salicylic acid and oxygen are discussed as putative mediators of the signalling pathway between mitochondria, nucleus and chloroplasts.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles’.线粒体功能状态的改变会对其他细胞区室产生深远影响。对线粒体核糖体S10蛋白（mitoribosomal S10 protein）表达经RNA干扰（RNAi）沉默的拟南芥rps10突变体开展的全基因组表达分析，揭示了广泛的转录重编程现象。一项针对25组线粒体扰动相关表达数据集的荟萃分析显示，存在交替氧化酶（AOX1a）与双靶向线粒体、质体RNA聚合酶（RPOTmp）功能缺陷的aox1a:rpoTmp突变体，其转录特征与rps10突变体高度相似。rps10与aox1a:rpoTmp两种突变体均表现出细胞色素通路与交替呼吸通路的电子流显著降低，且显著下调了叶绿体转录机器的核编码组分的表达水平。与此一致，在rps10和aox1a:rpoTmp突变体中观察到质体转录本水平下降，这一现象与叶绿体转录速率降低相吻合。使用呼吸抑制剂对野生型幼苗进行化学处理的实验显示，仅当同时直接抑制复合物IV与交替氧化酶活性时，质体转录本水平才会出现下降。综上，化学与遗传学实验均证实，线粒体末端氧化酶复合物IV与交替氧化酶的活性受限，会对叶绿体转录产生负面影响。本文探讨了水杨酸与氧气作为线粒体、细胞核与叶绿体之间信号通路潜在介导因子的可能性。本文属于“内共生细胞器的逆向信号传导”主题特刊的一部分。