Replication Data for: Community-Level Postmaterialism and Anti-Migrant Attitudes: An Original Survey on Opposition to Sub-Saharan African Migrants in the Middle East

Why do native citizens of the Middle East and North Africa express greater opposition to certain types of migrants, refugees, and displaced persons? Why, particularly, do they express greater opposition to sub-Saharan African migrants? This article investigates these questions, leveraging results from an original, nationally representative survey of 2700 native Moroccan citizens. We find support for traditional theories, mostly developed from studies of Western Europe, that hypothesize that the perceived cultural, economic, and security threats migrants pose provoke citizen opposition to certain migrant subtypes. Diverging from past research, however, we argue that the importance of these threats waxes and wanes dramatically at the subnational level due to variation in community-level postmaterialism. In areas where economic development is high, and many citizens live in European-style conditions, postmaterialism—preoccupation with cultural, identity, and security-based concerns—helps to predict greater citizen opposition to sub-Saharan African migrants. However, in areas where economic development is low, and many citizens do not live like Europeans, this greater opposition to African migrants derives from economic concerns, notably job competition. While postmaterialism is considered an individual-level phenomenon, our work highlights its importance at the community level: The personal circumstances of citizens and the circumstances of the community in which they live interact to condition which perceived threats become more (or less) important to explaining anti-migrant attitudes.

为何中东与北非的本土公民对特定类型的移民、难民及流离失所者表现出更强的反对态度？尤为关键的是，他们为何对撒哈拉以南非洲移民（sub-Saharan African migrants）抱有更强烈的反对情绪？
本文针对上述问题展开研究，依托针对2700名摩洛哥本土公民开展的原创性全国代表性抽样调查（nationally representative survey）结果进行分析。我们的研究验证了源自西欧研究的传统理论假说：移民所带来的感知文化、经济与安全威胁，会引发民众对特定移民亚型的反对态度。
但与既往研究不同的是，本文提出，这些威胁的重要性会因社群层面的后物质主义（postmaterialism）差异，在次国家级层面发生显著起伏。在经济发展水平较高、多数民众生活方式贴近欧洲的地区，后物质主义——即聚焦文化、身份与安全相关议题的价值取向——能够有效预测民众对撒哈拉以南非洲移民的更强反对态度。而在经济发展水平较低、多数民众生活方式并未贴近欧洲的地区，民众对非洲移民的更强反对态度则源于经济层面的顾虑，尤其是就业竞争问题。
尽管后物质主义通常被视为个体层面的现象，但本研究凸显了其在社群层面的重要性：民众的个人处境与其所处社群的环境相互作用，共同决定了哪些感知威胁会成为解释反移民态度（anti-migrant attitudes）的更强（或更弱）影响因素。