The final research sub-criteria.

Nowadays, the problem of project portfolio selection is one of the important tasks in many construction organizations, especially project-based ones. On the other hand, project portfolio selection usually faces many challenges due to the complexity of project evaluation as well as limited resources. The present research aims to present a new method based on clustering and decision-making for project portfolio selection in project-based companies. The proposed integrated method includes the K-means method for clustering projects, the SWARA method for prioritizing the identified criteria, and the MULTIMOORA method for ranking and selecting the projects of the studied company. In addition, the results of the MULTIMOORA method was compared with the results of the WASPAS method for verification. First, five criteria (including 18 sub-criteria) were selected using literature review and expert judgment for clustering and ranking project portfolios. Then, the research data was collected from a questionnaire containing identified criteria and sub-criteria. Based on the obtained results, 25 available construction projects were placed and ranked in 4 clusters. The findings show that the proposed integrated method was able to cluster the project portfolios and select the best project portfolios by ranking the project portfolios based on the identified criteria and sub-criteria. Also, the findings indicate that the rankings using five main criteria were different from the rankings using 18 sub-criteria, and therefore due to the nature of the sub-criteria and the importance of paying attention to the “desirability or undesirability of the criteria/sub-criteria in using the MULTIMOORA”, the rankings using the sub-criteria were more preferable.

当前，项目组合选择问题是众多建筑企业，尤其是项目型建筑企业的核心任务之一。与此同时，由于项目评估复杂度较高且资源约束普遍存在，项目组合选择往往面临诸多挑战。
本研究旨在针对项目型企业的项目组合选择问题，提出一种融合聚类与决策的全新方法。所提出的集成方法包含三类核心模块：一是用于项目聚类的K均值聚类方法（K-means），二是用于对已遴选指标进行权重确定的SWARA方法（SWARA），三是用于研究企业项目排序与选择的MULTIMOORA方法（MULTIMOORA）。此外，为验证方法有效性，本研究将MULTIMOORA方法的求解结果与WASPAS方法（WASPAS）的结果进行了对比。
首先，本研究通过文献调研与专家研判，遴选了5项一级指标（涵盖18项二级指标）用于项目组合的聚类与排序。随后，基于包含上述一级与二级指标的调查问卷收集研究数据。
基于所得结果，本研究将25项在手建筑项目划分为4个聚类并完成排序。研究结果表明，所提出的集成方法可通过基于遴选的一级、二级指标对项目组合进行排序，从而实现项目组合聚类与最优项目组合选择。此外，研究发现基于5项一级指标的排序结果与基于18项二级指标的排序结果存在差异；结合二级指标的特性，以及在使用MULTIMOORA方法时关注指标与二级指标的合意性与非合意性的重要性，基于二级指标的排序结果更具合理性。