Association Between Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Intake and Myopia: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2008

To investigate the relationship between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake and myopia in a large population-based sample. A cross-sectional study. Data from the population under 40 years of age were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2001 and 2008. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between SSB intake and myopia, with further exploration through propensity score matching (PSM). The generalized variance inflation factor (GVIF) was calculated to check for multicollinearity. Subgroup analyses examined the relationship between SSBs intake and myopia across demographic groups, while restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis evaluated potential non-linear associations. Of 11,851 participants under 40 years of age, 3,769 had myopia. The average consumption of SSBs showed no significant difference after PSM (emmetropia group: 623.83 ± 17.99 grams/d; myopia group:605.35 ± 20.01 grams/d; p = 0.43). Multivariable logistics regression analysis showed SSBs intake was not associated with the risk of myopia before and after PSM, and multicollinearity was unlikely among all covariates. Subgroup analyses revealed no significant interactions between SSBs intake and covariates in their relationship with myopia. RCS analyses revealed no significant nonlinear associations between SSBs intake and the risk of myopia after PSM (P for non-linear = 0.2434). Our study provides initial evidence that SSBs consumption may not be a risk factor for myopia in a large-scale population. Future longitudinal and experimental studies may shed more light on the relationship between dietary factors and myopia, informing public health recommendations and interventions.

本研究旨在基于大规模人群样本，探究含糖饮料（sugar-sweetened beverages, SSBs）摄入与近视的关联。本研究为横断面研究，数据来源于2001至2008年间开展的美国国家健康与营养调查（National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, NHANES），纳入对象为40岁以下人群。采用多变量logistic回归分析评估含糖饮料摄入与近视的关联，并通过倾向得分匹配（propensity score matching, PSM）开展进一步探索。计算广义方差膨胀因子（generalized variance inflation factor, GVIF）以检验多重共线性。亚组分析针对不同人口学分组，探究含糖饮料摄入与近视的关联；限制性立方样条（restricted cubic spline, RCS）分析则评估二者间潜在的非线性关联。本研究共纳入11851名40岁以下参与者，其中3769名确诊近视。倾向得分匹配后，两组日均含糖饮料摄入量无显著差异（正视组：623.83±17.99克/天；近视组：605.35±20.01克/天；p=0.43）。多变量logistic回归分析显示，无论倾向得分匹配前后，含糖饮料摄入均与近视风险无显著关联，且所有协变量间均未出现多重共线性问题。亚组分析表明，含糖饮料摄入与各协变量在与近视的关联中均未存在显著交互作用。倾向得分匹配后的限制性立方样条分析显示，含糖饮料摄入与近视风险间未发现显著非线性关联（非线性检验P=0.2434）。本研究提供初步证据表明，在大规模人群中，含糖饮料摄入可能并非近视的危险因素。未来可开展纵向队列研究与实验研究，进一步阐明膳食因素与近视的关联，为公共卫生建议与干预措施的制定提供依据。