Dataset for Fargeot et al_GENETIC DIVERSITY AFFECTS ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS ACROSS TROPHIC LEVELS AS MUCH AS SPECIES DIVERSITY, BUT IN AN OPPOSITE DIRECTION

The relative effects of intra- and interspecific diversity on ecosystem functions are poorly understood, especially under natural and multi-trophic conditions. Here, we investigated the interplay between species diversity, genetic diversity and ecosystem functions across three trophic levels (trees, shredders and fishes) in natural aquatic ecosystems. We estimated species diversity and genetic diversity within each trophic level, seven key ecosystem functions, and we assessed the strength of each possible relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functions (BEFs). While the absolute effect sizes of BEFs were comparable at both the genetic and species levels, we observed a consistent positive association between genetic diversity and ecosystem functions, whereas species diversity exhibited a negative association. Notably, these contrasting effects of species and genetic diversity were evident solely when BEFs were assessed within trophic levels, rather than across them. This underscores the necessity of considering both species and genetic diversity lossto predictecosystem dynamics.This file synthesizes the data required for running the statistical models described in the MS

种内多样性与种间多样性对生态系统功能的相对影响迄今仍未得到充分阐明，尤其是在自然环境与多营养级条件下。本研究针对自然水生生态系统中的三个营养级（树木、碎屑食性动物与鱼类），探究了物种多样性、遗传多样性与生态系统功能之间的相互作用关系。我们估算了各营养级内的物种多样性与遗传多样性，测定了七项关键生态系统功能，并评估了生物多样性与生态系统功能（Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functions，以下简称BEF）之间所有潜在关联的强度。尽管遗传多样性与物种多样性层面的BEF绝对效应量相当，但我们观察到遗传多样性与生态系统功能之间始终呈现正相关关系，而物种多样性则表现出负相关关联。值得注意的是，物种与遗传多样性的这种相反效应，仅在营养级内评估BEF时才会显现，跨营养级评估则无此现象。这一结果凸显了在预测生态系统动态时，同时考虑物种多样性与遗传多样性丧失的必要性。本数据集整合了运行该论文所述统计模型所需的全部数据。