Selenium Reprograms the Proteome of Milk Fat Globule Membrane in Yak Colostrum

In mammals, selenium (Se) enhances antioxidant and immune functions, but its effect on milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins in yak colostrum remains unclear. Astral-DIA proteomics technology was employed herein for profiling MFGM proteins in yak colostrum obtained from the control (C), low-dose Se-supplemented (L), and high-dose Se-supplemented (H) groups treated with 0, 0.3, and 0.6 mg of Se/kg of dry matter, respectively. A total of 4079, 4083, and 4323 MFGM proteins were identified in the groups C, L, and H, respectively. Pairwise comparisons of the groups C versus L, C vs H, and L vs H revealed 652, 814, and 570 differentially expressed MFGM proteins, respectively. Low-dose Se supplementation primarily enhanced the RNA processing and translation-associated pathways. High-dose Se, however, triggered proteome remodeling by modulating histone modifications and ubiquitin-dependent protein turnover. Se supplementation at different doses reshaped the MFGM composition in yak colostrum, potentially optimizing neonatal immunity and metabolism.

在哺乳动物中，硒（Selenium）可增强抗氧化与免疫功能，但其对牦牛初乳中乳脂肪球膜（Milk Fat Globule Membrane，MFGM）蛋白质的影响仍不明确。本研究采用Astral-DIA蛋白质组学技术，对分别饲喂0、0.3、0.6 mg Se/kg干物质的对照组（C组）、低剂量硒补充组（L组）与高剂量硒补充组（H组）的牦牛初乳乳脂肪球膜蛋白质进行了谱图分析。C、L、H三组分别鉴定出4079、4083和4323个MFGM蛋白质。对C组与L组、C组与H组以及L组与H组开展两两比较，分别筛选得到652、814和570个差异表达的MFGM蛋白质。低剂量硒补充主要上调了RNA加工与翻译相关的通路。而高剂量硒则通过调控组蛋白修饰与泛素依赖的蛋白质周转，引发了蛋白质组重塑。不同剂量的硒补充均可重塑牦牛初乳的MFGM组成，有望优化新生个体的免疫与代谢功能。