Data_Sheet_1_Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal transcription factors regulating ganoderic acid biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum development.ZIP

Ganoderma lucidum is an important medicinal fungus in Asian countries. Ganoderic acid (GA) is the major variety of bioactive and medicative components in G. lucidum. Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites is usually associated with cell differentiation and development. However, the mechanism underlying these phenomena remain unclear. Transcription factors play an essential regulatory role in the signal transduction pathway, owing to the fact that they represent the major link between signal transduction and expression of target genes. In the present study, we performed transcriptome and metabolome analyses to identify transcription factors involved in GA biosynthesis during development of G. lucidum. Transcriptome data revealed differentially expressed genes between mycelia and primordia, as well as between mycelia and the fruiting body. Results from gene ontology enrichment analysis and metabolome analyses suggested that GAs and flavonoids biosynthetic process significantly changed during fungal development. The analysis of predicted occurrences of DNA-binding domains revealed a set of 53 potential transcription factor families in G. lucidum. Notably, we found homeobox transcription factor and velvet family protein played important role in GA biosynthesis. Combined with previous studies, we provided a model diagram of transcription factors involved in GA biosynthesis during fruiting body formation. Collectively, these results are expected to enhance our understanding into the mechanisms underlying secondary metabolite biosynthesis and development in fungi.

灵芝（Ganoderma lucidum）是亚洲国家重要的药用真菌。灵芝酸（Ganoderic acid, GA）是灵芝中主要的生物活性药用成分。次生代谢产物的生物合成通常与细胞分化及发育过程密切相关，但该过程背后的分子机制仍未阐明。转录因子作为信号转导与靶基因表达之间的核心桥梁，在信号转导通路中发挥关键调控作用。本研究通过转录组与代谢组联合分析，筛选鉴定了灵芝发育过程中参与灵芝酸生物合成的转录因子。转录组数据分析显示，菌丝体与原基之间、菌丝体与子实体之间均存在差异表达基因。基因本体（Gene Ontology, GO）富集分析与代谢组分析结果表明，真菌发育过程中灵芝酸与黄酮类化合物的生物合成过程发生了显著变化。通过对预测的DNA结合结构域进行分析，我们在灵芝中鉴定得到53个潜在的转录因子家族。值得注意的是，本研究发现同源框转录因子（homeobox transcription factor）与Velvet家族蛋白（velvet family protein）在灵芝酸生物合成中发挥了重要调控作用。结合已有研究成果，我们构建了子实体形成过程中参与灵芝酸生物合成的转录因子调控模型示意图。综上，本研究结果有助于加深我们对真菌次生代谢产物生物合成及发育机制的理解。