Britain Breathing 2020 Air Quality and Meteorological Dataset

This data set is a collection of daily mean and maximum values for a range of air quality and meterological measurements and model forecasts for the UK for the year 2020. The dataset contains Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Pressure data, downloaded from the Met Office MIDAS archives via the MEDMI server (https://www.data-mashup.org.uk/). Also downloaded from the MEDMI server are daily pollen measurements for the UK. PM10, PM2.5, NO2, NOx (as NO2), O3, and SO2 measurements from the DEFRA AURN network, and also model forecasts of the same made using the EMEP model.

The tools used to download and process these measurement datasets are available here: https://zenodo.org/record/4545257

The dataset is designed for use with the region estimator toolset, available here: https://zenodo.org/record/4589993

Emissions over the UK for the EMEP model runs were generated using the NAEI 2016 UK emission dataset, available in netcdf form here: https://zenodo.org/record/3997165#.X9KUBF6nzUI. The running scripts, and operation inputs for EMEP, are available here: https://zenodo.org/record/3997301#.X9KUAF6nzUI and https://zenodo.org/record/3997271#.X9KV1F6nzUI.

This dataset is an extension of the Britain Breathing 2016-2019 Air Quality and Meteorological Dataset, available here: https://zenodo.org/record/4416028#.YIrJfOvTXUL. The file 'site_location_data.csv' in this dataset contains the location metadata (site_id, latitude, longitude, postcode area) for the dataset here too.

The dataset is presented in CSV format as the file 'turing_aq_daily_met_pollen_pollution_data_2020.csv', described below.

The columns intended to be used as indexes are:

timestamp,

date of measurements on that row

site_id,

measurement site ID, corresponding to sites in the three networks:

AURN [indicated by AQ],

MIDAS [indicated by WEATHER],

or pollen [indicated by POLLEN].

The data columns are:

O3, PM10, PM2.5, NO2, NOXasNO2, SO2, 

daily mean and maximum values in ug/m3 (all with "_max", "_mean", and "_flag" tags)

AURN measurement data

O3_EMEP, NO2_EMEP, SO2_EMEP, NOXasNO2_EMEP, PM2.5_EMEP, PM10_EMEP,

daily mean and maximum values in ug/m3 (all with "_max", and "_mean" tags)

EMEP model forecasts

alnus, ambrosia, artemisia, betula, corylus, fraxinus, platanus, poaceae, quercus, salix, ulmus, urtica,

daily pollen grain counts

temperature, relativehumidity, pressure,

daily mean and maximum values in degC, %, and hPa (all with "_max", "_mean", and "_flag" tags).

Met Office measurement data

The "_flag" columns indicate data points which have been partially, or fully, imputed. The values for these will be in the range 0-1, and indicate the fraction of the hourly values within that day that are imputed (0 = none, 1 = all 24 hourly datapoints are imputed). No imputation has been carried out for this dataset, so the "_flag" data in this dataset will always be zero (the number of hourly data points used to calculate the daily mean and maximum are not recorded in this dataset).

本数据集为2020年英国全域空气质量、气象观测与模式预报结果的日均值及日最大值集合。数据集包含气温、相对湿度与气压数据，此类数据通过MEDMI服务器（https://www.data-mashup.org.uk/）从英国气象局MIDAS档案馆下载获取。同时，本数据集还包含从MEDMI服务器下载的英国境内每日花粉观测数据，以及来自环境、食品与农村事务部（DEFRA）自动气象与空气质量监测网络（AURN）的PM10、PM2.5、NO2、以NO2计的NOx（NOx(as NO2)）、O3及SO2观测数据，另有使用欧洲监测和评价计划模型（EMEP）生成的上述污染物的模式预报结果。

用于下载并处理上述观测数据集的工具可于以下链接获取：https://zenodo.org/record/4545257

本数据集专为区域估算工具集设计，该工具集可于以下链接获取：https://zenodo.org/record/4589993

本次EMEP模型运行所需的英国境内排放清单，采用了2016年英国国家排放清单（NAEI 2016）数据集，该数据集以网络通用数据格式（netCDF）存储，可于https://zenodo.org/record/3997165#.X9KUBF6nzUI获取。EMEP模型的运行脚本与操作输入文件可分别于https://zenodo.org/record/3997301#.X9KUAF6nzUI与https://zenodo.org/record/3997271#.X9KV1F6nzUI获取。

本数据集是《2016-2019年英国呼吸空气质量与气象数据集》的扩展版本，该数据集可于https://zenodo.org/record/4416028#.YIrJfOvTXUL获取。本数据集中的"site_location_data.csv"文件同样包含了本数据集的站点位置元数据（站点ID、纬度、经度、邮政编码区域）。

本数据集以逗号分隔值格式（CSV）存储为文件"turing_aq_daily_met_pollen_pollution_data_2020.csv"，具体字段说明如下。

用作索引的字段包括：
- timestamp：该行对应的观测日期
- site_id：观测站点ID，对应以下三类监测网络的站点：
- AURN网络（标识为AQ）
- MIDAS气象网络（标识为WEATHER）
- 花粉监测网络（标识为POLLEN）

数据字段分为以下类别：
- O3、PM10、PM2.5、NO2、NOXasNO2、SO2：以微克/立方米（μg/m³）为单位的AURN观测数据，包含日均值、日最大值及对应标记字段（均带有"_mean""_max"和"_flag"后缀）
- O3_EMEP、NO2_EMEP、SO2_EMEP、NOXasNO2_EMEP、PM2.5_EMEP、PM10_EMEP：以微克/立方米（μg/m³）为单位的EMEP模型预报数据，包含日均值与日最大值（均带有"_mean"和"_max"后缀）
- alnus、ambrosia、artemisia、betula、corylus、fraxinus、platanus、poaceae、quercus、salix、ulmus、urtica：每日花粉粒计数数据
- temperature、relativehumidity、pressure：以摄氏度（℃）、百分比（%）、百帕（hPa）为单位的气象观测数据，包含日均值、日最大值及对应标记字段（均带有"_mean""_max"和"_flag"后缀），数据源自英国气象局观测

带"_flag"后缀的字段用于标记存在部分或全部插补的数据点，其取值范围为0至1，表示当日内逐小时观测数据中被插补的比例（0表示无插补，1表示当日全部24个逐小时数据均被插补）。本数据集未进行任何插补操作，因此所有"_flag"字段的取值恒为0（本数据集未记录用于计算日均值与日最大值的逐小时观测数据点数）。