Finnish Self-Report Delinquency Study 2016

The survey studied the extent, frequency and nature of self-reported offending among young people in Finland as well as their attitudes towards crime and experiences of being victims. Questions covered truancy, making graffiti, damaging the school's or other property, theft and shoplifting, motor vehicle theft, breaking and entering, copyright infringement online, bullying and cyberbullying, taking part in a fight, assault, robbery, possession of a weapon, alcohol use, drink-driving, and drug use. If the respondents admitted to having done any of the acts mentioned, they were asked whether they had done it in the previous 12 months and how many times. Relating to some of the offences, the respondents were also presented with specifying questions about the last time they had committed the act, for example, whether they had acted alone, whether they had been drunk at the time, whether the act had been revenge for some previous incident, what they had stolen, and whether their motive for the offence had been discriminatory. The respondents were also asked whether they had been a victim of criminal damage, robbery, theft, bullying, threats of violence, assault, hate crime, parental corporal punishment, cyberbullying and sexual harassment by adults or other young people. If the respondents had been a victim of any of the acts, they were asked whether they had experienced it in the previous 12 months and how many times. Relating to some of the experiences, the respondents were also presented with specifying questions about the last time they had been a victim of the crime, for instance, whether the perpetrator had been male or female, how old the perpetrator had been, what his/her ethnic background had been, whether the respondent had sustained injuries, and what had been stolen. Relating to experiences of violence, the respondents were further presented with a list of people (e.g. sibling, friend, mother, father, unknown adult, teacher, coach/instructor) and asked whether any of them had physically assaulted them (hit, kicked, or used a weapon). Family and circumstances at home were surveyed with questions about the extent to which parents supported and were interested in the respondent's life. Relating to leisure time, questions probed how often the respondents were away from home in the evenings, went to parties with alcohol involved, spent long periods of time online, played violent games, watched violent films etc. Questions about the neighbourhood of residence and school investigated the prevalence of graffiti and vandalism in the neighbourhood, and the prevalence of vandalism and disruptive behaviour at school. The respondents were also asked whether their friends had used cannabis, shoplifted or been in a fight in a public place. The respondents' personality traits were charted by asking them the extent they agreed with statements relating to impulsiveness, risk-seeking, and being considerate of others. The respondents were also asked how much insecurity they felt over different issues, such as environmental threats and disasters, crime, or hate speech on the Internet. The respondents' agreement with a variety of attitudinal statements about law-breaking, immigration and multiculturalism, religion, and revenge was surveyed. The respondents were asked whether the school personnel had searched their belongings for or confiscated items or substances capable of harming others during the school year. The number of times this had happened was charted as well as who had searched for or confiscated the items, whether force had been used, and whether the respondent had tried to resist. Finally, the respondents were asked how much they appreciated different types of people, whether they personally wanted to be famous or admired and to achieve great things, and how happy and satisfied with life they had been in the previous six months. Background variables included, among others, the respondent's gender and age as well as the number of years they had lived in their municipality of residence, number of siblings, languages spoken at home, parents' economic activity, family's financial situation and type of the municipality of residence.

本调查研究了芬兰年轻人自我报告犯罪行为的范围、频率与性质，以及他们对犯罪的态度和受害经历。调查问题涵盖逃学、涂鸦创作、损坏学校或他人财物、盗窃与入店行窃、机动车盗窃、非法闯入、网络版权侵权、欺凌与网络欺凌（cyberbullying）、参与斗殴、袭击、抢劫、持有武器、饮酒、酒驾及毒品使用等行为。若受访者（respondents）承认有过上述任一行为，则需回答是否在过去12个月内实施过该行为及实施次数。针对部分犯罪行为，受访者还需回答关于最后一次实施该行为的具体问题，例如是否单独行动、当时是否醉酒、行为是否为对先前事件的报复、盗窃物品类型，以及犯罪动机是否具有歧视性等。

受访者还需回答是否曾遭受过财物损坏、抢劫、盗窃、欺凌、暴力威胁、袭击、仇恨犯罪、父母体罚、网络欺凌及成人或其他年轻人实施的性骚扰等受害经历。若受访者曾遭受过上述任一受害行为，则需回答是否在过去12个月内经历过该行为及次数。针对部分受害行为，受访者还需回答关于最后一次受害事件的具体问题，例如施暴者的性别、年龄、种族背景，受访者是否受伤，以及被盗物品类型等。

关于暴力经历，受访者还需查看一份人员列表（如兄弟姐妹、朋友、父母、陌生成人、教师、教练/指导员），并回答其中是否有人曾对其实施过身体攻击（如击打、踢踹或使用武器）。家庭与居家环境方面，调查问题涉及父母对受访者生活的支持程度与关心程度。休闲时间方面，问题探究了受访者晚间外出频率、参加含酒精派对的频率、长时间上网、玩暴力游戏、观看暴力电影等行为的情况。

关于居住社区与学校的问题，调查了社区内涂鸦与故意破坏财物行为（vandalism）的发生率，以及学校内故意破坏财物与扰乱行为的发生率。受访者还需回答其朋友是否曾使用大麻、入店行窃或在公共场所打架。受访者的人格特质通过询问其对与冲动性、风险寻求及体谅他人相关陈述的同意程度来评估。

受访者还需回答其对不同问题的不安全感程度，例如环境威胁与灾害、犯罪或网络仇恨言论等。调查还询问了受访者对关于违法、移民与多元文化、宗教及报复等各类态度陈述的同意程度。受访者需回答本学年内学校人员是否曾搜查其物品以寻找或没收可能伤害他人的物品或物质，此类事件的发生次数、搜查或没收物品的人员身份、是否使用武力以及受访者是否试图反抗均被记录。

最后，受访者需回答其对不同类型人群的欣赏程度、个人是否希望成名或受钦佩并成就大事，以及过去六个月内对生活的快乐与满意程度。背景变量包括但不限于受访者的性别与年龄、在居住市（municipality of residence）的居住年限、兄弟姐妹数量、家庭使用语言、父母的经济活动状况、家庭财务状况及居住市的类型。