Factors related to the economic performance of wheat commercial fields

ABSTRACT The variability of agronomic performance and of input use level of wheat commercial fields allows the identification of the factors with the greatest contribution to its economic performance. The objective of this work was to identify the main factors related to the variability of economic performance in wheat commercial fields in the Southern Region of Paraná State. The study was based on data from 65, 64 and 80 farms in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. The variables evaluated were: costs of fertilizer, herbicide, insecticide, fungicide and seed; grain yield; and simplified gross margin (SGM). Data were subjected to Principal Components Analysis followed by Cluster Analysis. The variability of wheat economic performance was mainly related to grain yield, fertilizers cost and seed costs. Grain yield is one of the most important factors to determination of economic performance of wheat commercial fields in the studied region, and a greater investment in fertilizers and with seeds can decrease it. It must be considered that the cost reduction might be obtained with suitable management practices, and the contribution of items of cost analyzed to economic performance may be different in each cropping season probably due to variations of the cost profile and grain yield.

摘要 小麦商业化种植田的农艺表现与农资投入水平的差异，可用于识别对其经济表现贡献最为显著的影响因素。本研究旨在识别巴西巴拉那州（Paraná State）南部地区商业化小麦田经济表现差异的主要关联因素。本研究分别采用2013年、2014年、2015年共计65、64、80个农场的调研数据。本次评估的变量涵盖：化肥、除草剂、杀虫剂、杀菌剂与种子的投入成本，籽粒产量，以及简化毛利润（Simplified Gross Margin, SGM）。研究数据先经主成分分析（Principal Components Analysis）处理，随后开展聚类分析（Cluster Analysis）。结果表明，商业化小麦田的经济表现差异主要与籽粒产量、化肥成本及种子成本相关。籽粒产量是本研究区域内商业化小麦田经济表现的核心决定因素之一，而加大化肥与种子投入反而可能拉低其经济表现。需注意的是，通过合理的田间管理措施可实现成本削减；且各种植季中，本次分析的各类成本项对经济表现的贡献度或存在差异，这可能源于成本结构与籽粒产量的波动。