Data_Sheet_1_Mitogenomes of Two Phallus Mushroom Species Reveal Gene Rearrangement, Intron Dynamics, and Basidiomycete Phylogeny.xls

Phallus indusiatus and Phallus echinovolvatus are edible bamboo mushrooms with pharmacological properties. We sequenced, assembled, annotated, and compared the mitogenomes of these species. Both mitogenomes were composed of circular DNA molecules, with sizes of 89,139 and 50,098 bp, respectively. Introns were the most important factor in mitogenome size variation within the genus Phallus. Phallus indusiatus, P. echinovolvatus, and Turbinellus floccosus in the subclass Phallomycetidae have conservative gene arrangements. Large-scale gene rearrangements were observed in species representing 42 different genera of Basidiomycetes. A variety of intron position classes were found in the 44 Basidiomycete species analyzed. A novel group II intron from the P. indusiatus mitogenome was compared with other fungus species containing the same intron, and we demonstrated that the insertion sites of the intron had a base preference. Phylogenetic analyses based on combined gene datasets yielded well-supported Bayesian posterior probability (BPP = 1) topologies. This indicated that mitochondrial genes are reliable molecular markers for analyzing the phylogenetic relationships of the Basidiomycetes. This is the first study of the mitogenome of the genus Phallus, and it increases our understanding of the population genetics and evolution of bamboo mushrooms and related species.

长裙竹荪（Phallus indusiatus）与刺纹竹荪（Phallus echinovolvatus）是兼具药理活性的可食用竹荪类真菌。本研究对这两个物种的线粒体基因组（mitogenome）开展了测序、组装、注释及比较分析。两个线粒体基因组均为环状DNA分子，长度分别为89139 bp和50098 bp。内含子是鬼笔属（Phallus）内线粒体基因组大小变异的最核心影响因素。鬼笔亚纲（Phallomycetidae）下的长裙竹荪、刺纹竹荪以及绒盖革菌（Turbinellus floccosus）具有保守的基因排列模式。在涵盖42个不同属的担子菌（Basidiomycetes）物种中，均观测到大规模基因重排现象。在所分析的44个担子菌物种中，共发现多种内含子位置类型。本研究将长裙竹荪线粒体基因组中鉴定的新型II型内含子与其他携带同类内含子的真菌物种进行比对，证实该内含子的插入位点存在碱基偏好性。基于联合基因数据集的系统发育分析得到了支持率极佳的贝叶斯后验概率（Bayesian posterior probability, BPP=1）拓扑结构，表明线粒体基因可作为分析担子菌系统发育关系的可靠分子标记。本研究是首个针对鬼笔属线粒体基因组的相关研究，有助于深化对竹荪及其近缘物种的群体遗传学与演化机制的认知。