Phenological asynchrony in plant–butterfly interactions associated with climate: a community-wide perspective

Although much information has been accumulated on the effects of climate change on particular species worldwide, research aimed at assessing how such change influences biotic interactions from a community-wide perspective is still in its infancy. We contribute to filling in this gap by analyzing a 17-year (1996–2012) dataset that includes records of flower-visitation interactions between 12 butterfly species and 17 plant species in a coastal wetland area in northeastern Iberian Peninsula. We assessed the extent to which temporal asynchronies between plants and adult butterflies are influenced by different climatic variables that affect both plant and insect phenologies. Temperature and degree of aridity at various monthly summaries were used as predictors of the plant–butterfly phenological asynchrony. We identified the seasonal window with the greatest effect on asynchronies for two butterfly generations (spring and summer), and assessed whether the magnitude of asynchrony is associate...

虽然全球范围内关于气候变化对特定物种影响的信息已积累颇丰，但从群落层面评估此类变化如何影响生物相互作用的研究仍处于起步阶段。我们通过分析一个17年（1996–2012年）的数据集来填补这一空白，该数据集包含伊比利亚半岛东北部沿海湿地地区12种蝴蝶与17种植物之间的访花互动记录。我们评估了植物与成年蝴蝶之间的时间异步性在多大程度上受到影响植物和昆虫物候的不同气候变量的调控。我们将不同月度汇总的温度和干旱程度作为植物-蝴蝶物候异步性的预测因子，确定了对两代蝴蝶（春季和夏季）异步性影响最大的季节窗口，并评估了异步性的程度是否与...