Functional C-terminally encoded peptide (CEP) plant hormone domains evolved de novo in the plant parasite Rotylenchulus reniformis

Sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) induce and maintain an intimate relationship with their host, stimulating cells adjacent to root vascular tissue to re-differentiate into unique and metabolically active ‘feeding sites’. The interaction between PPNs and their host is mediated by nematode effectors. We describe the discovery of a large and diverse family of effector genes, encoding C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE (CEP) plant hormone mimics (RrCEPs), in the syncytia-forming plant parasite Rotylenchulus reniformis. The particular attributes of RrCEPs distinguish them from all other CEPs, regardless of origin. Together with the distant phylogenetic relationship of R. reniformis to the only other CEP-encoding nematode genus identified to date (Meloidogyne), this suggests that CEPs probably evolved de novo in R. reniformis. We have characterized the first member of this large gene family (RrCEP1), demonstrating its significant up-regulation during the plant–nematode interaction and expr...

定居型植物寄生线虫（PPNs）诱导并维持与宿主的紧密联系，刺激根维管组织相邻细胞重新分化为独特且代谢活跃的“取食位点”。PPNs与宿主之间的相互作用由线虫效应子介导。本文描述了在形成合胞体的植物寄生物肾形肾状线虫（Rotylenchulus reniformis）中，一个庞大且多样的效应基因家族的发现——该家族编码C端编码肽（CEP）植物激素模拟物（RrCEPs）。RrCEPs的特殊属性使其有别于所有其他CEP（无论来源如何）。结合肾形肾状线虫与迄今已鉴定的唯一另一个编码CEP的线虫属（根结线虫属Meloidogyne）之间遥远的系统发育关系，这表明RrCEPs可能在肾形肾状线虫中从头进化而来。我们已对这一大型基因家族的首个成员（RrCEP1）进行了表征，证实其在植物-线虫相互作用期间显著上调表达，并