Data Sheet 1_Global burden and trends of occupational noise-induced hearing loss (1990–2021) and projection to 2040.pdf

BackgroundOccupational noise is a global issue that widely affects workers’ physical health and quality of life. This study aimed to illustrate the trends and spatiotemporal patterns of occupational noise-induced hearing loss (ONIHL) burden from 1990 to 2021 and project future trends.
MethodsUtilizing the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 data, we calculated ONIHL disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized DALY rates (ASDRs), and summary exposure values (SEVs) by age, sex, and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Inequality and decomposition analyses were used to quantify health inequalities and identify the drivers of the ONIHL burden, respectively. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was used to project the disease burden until 2040.
ResultsIn 2021, the global burden of ONIHL remained substantial, with a total of 7,847,444.59 DALYs (95% uncertainty intervals [UI]: 5,313,648.10–10,980,789.34), indicating a 104.46% increase compared with that in 1990. The ASDR for ONIHL in 2021 was 91.12 per 100,000 individuals (95% UI: 61.98–127.20). The ASDRs and SEVs showed remarkable growth in high-middle SDI regions, especially for females. Regionally, East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa experienced the greatest ONIHL burden in the world. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between the ASDR and SDI across 21 GBD regions and 204 countries and territories. ONIHL DALYs occurred mainly in middle-aged and older adults, and men consistently presented higher DALYs and ASDRs than females. The ONIHL burden was greater in lower-SDI regions, but cross-country health inequalities did not improve. Decomposition analysis revealed population growth as the main driver. By 2040, ONIHL DALYs are predicted to increase, whereas the ASDR is projected to decrease; however, the disease burden among females will rise significantly.
ConclusionThe ONIHL burden is characterized by global growth, regional divergence, and widening disparities in sex trends. Targeted actions like bolstering occupational safety in lower SDI regions, adopting gender-responsive policies for female workers in high-noise industries, and prioritizing early hearing screening and long-term monitoring of noise hazards are key to tackling the burden of ONIHL worldwide.

研究背景
职业噪声是全球性公共卫生问题，广泛影响劳动者的身体健康与生活质量。本研究旨在阐明1990年至2021年职业性噪声致听力损失（occupational noise-induced hearing loss, ONIHL）疾病负担的趋势及时空格局，并对未来发展趋势进行预测。

研究方法
本研究借助2021年全球疾病负担研究（Global Burden of Disease Study, GBD）数据，按年龄、性别及社会人口指数（Socio-demographic Index, SDI）分层计算了ONIHL相关失能调整生命年（disability-adjusted life years, DALYs）、年龄标准化DALY率（age-standardized DALY rates, ASDRs）与总暴露值（summary exposure values, SEVs）。分别采用不平等分析与分解分析，量化健康不平等程度并明确ONIHL疾病负担的驱动因素；同时采用自回归积分滑动平均模型（autoregressive integrated moving average, ARIMA）对2040年之前的疾病负担进行预测。

研究结果
2021年，全球ONIHL疾病负担依然沉重，总失能调整生命年数达7847444.59（95%不确定区间[UI]：5313648.10~10980789.34），较1990年增长104.46%。2021年ONIHL的年龄标准化DALY率为91.12/10万人（95%UI：61.98~127.20）。高-中社会人口指数（SDI）地区的ASDR与SEV均呈现显著增长，女性群体尤为明显。从区域分布来看，东亚、南亚、东南亚及撒哈拉以南非洲东部地区的ONIHL疾病负担位居全球前列。斯皮尔曼相关性分析显示，在21个GBD区域及204个国家与地区中，ASDR与SDI呈显著负相关。ONIHL相关DALYs主要集中于中老年人群，且男性的DALYs及ASDR始终高于女性。低SDI地区的ONIHL疾病负担更为沉重，但跨国健康不平等状况并未得到改善。分解分析结果显示，人口增长是疾病负担增加的主要驱动因素。预计到2040年，ONIHL相关DALYs将有所上升，但ASDR将呈下降趋势；然而女性群体的疾病负担将显著升高。

研究结论
ONIHL疾病负担呈现全球增长、区域分化及性别趋势差距扩大的特征。针对全球ONIHL疾病负担的防控关键举措包括：加强低SDI地区的职业安全保障，为高噪声行业女性劳动者制定性别敏感型政策，以及优先开展早期听力筛查与噪声危害长期监测。