Development and validation of hydraulic driven electronic penetrometer for georeferenced point collection

ABSTRACT Soil penetration resistance (SPR) is used as an indicator of compaction, as it is related to important soil and plant attributes and is an easily obtainable measure. Its determination with the use of the penetrometer guides to the best soil management strategies, thus favoring crop development. The objective of this study was to develop and validate the georeferenced hydraulic driven electronic penetrometer, making it easier to obtain SPR. For this, 36 SPR readings from 0 to 0.60 m depth were performed with the manual and hydraulic penetrometers in two areas. The SPR results were analyzed by establishing the confidence intervals by the t-test (p ≤ 0.10) at each 0.05 m depth and the georeferencing was analyzed through the root mean square error (RMSE). It was found that both penetrometers showed similarity in SPR measurement and in the georeferencing of the points.

摘要 土壤贯入阻力（Soil penetration resistance, SPR）常被用作土壤压实程度的指示指标，其与关键土壤及植物属性紧密相关，且测定难度较低、易于获取。借助贯入仪开展该指标的测定工作，可为优化土壤管理策略提供依据，进而促进作物生长发育。本研究旨在开发并验证一款地理参考式液压驱动电子贯入仪，以简化土壤贯入阻力的获取流程。为此，在两处试验区域内，分别采用手动贯入仪与液压贯入仪，对0至0.60米深度的土壤完成了36组贯入阻力测定。针对每0.05米深度层级，通过t检验（p ≤ 0.10）构建置信区间以分析土壤贯入阻力结果，并通过均方根误差（root mean square error, RMSE）对点位地理参考效果进行评估。研究结果显示，两种贯入仪在土壤贯入阻力测量与点位地理参考两个维度均表现出良好的一致性。