Sedentary Behavior, Dietary Habits, and Cardiometabolic Risk in Physically Active Children and Adolescents

Abstract Background Sedentary behavior has been associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors during childhood. However, little is known about the impact of sedentary behavior on the health and eating habits of physically active children and adolescents. Objective To evaluate the association between sedentary behavior and cardiometabolic risk factors and eating habits in physically active children and adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted, including 516 physically active children and adolescents (10 to 18 years old; both sexes) enrolled in the social project “Estação Conhecimento-Vale” were evaluated. Biochemical and lifestyle variables (questionnaire) were collected. Sedentary behavior was determined indirectly (questionnaire), by using sitting time ≥ 3 hours per day as a cutoff point. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all tests. Results Sedentary behavior was not associated with overweight/obesity (odds ratio = 0.72 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.325-1.389]), hypertriglyceridemia (odds ratio = 0.63 [95% CI: 0.306-1.297]), low HDL cholesterol (odds ratio = 0.57 [95% CI: 0.323-1.019]), or high non-HDL cholesterol (odds ratio = 0.63 [95% CI: 0.283-1.389]). However, children and adolescents with sedentary behavior were more likely to regularly consume food in front of the television (odds ratio = 1.96 [95% CI: 1.114-3.456]) and to consume at least one ultra-processed food per day (odds ratio = 2.42 [95% CI: 1.381-4.241]). In addition, they were less likely to consume fruit regularly (odds ratio = 0.52 [95% CI: 0.278-0.967]). Conclusion There was no association between sedentary behavior and cardiometabolic risk factors in physically active children and adolescents. However, sedentary behavior was associated with inadequate eating habits. Thus, we may suggest that the regular engagement in physical activity may attenuate the deleterious effects of sedentary behavior on the cardiometabolic parameters of children and adolescents.

摘要·背景：久坐行为已被证实与儿童期的多种心脏代谢危险因素相关。然而，目前针对久坐行为对参与体育活动的儿童及青少年的健康与饮食习惯的影响，相关研究仍较为有限。研究目的：评估参与体育活动的儿童及青少年群体中，久坐行为与心脏代谢危险因素及饮食习惯之间的关联。研究方法：本研究为横断面研究，共纳入516名年龄介于10至18岁、涵盖男女两性的体育活动活跃儿童及青少年，这些对象均参与社会项目“Estação Conhecimento-Vale”。研究收集了生化指标与生活方式相关变量（通过问卷调研获取）。久坐行为通过问卷间接评估，以每日久坐时长≥3小时作为截断阈值。所有检验均以P值<0.05作为统计学显著性判定标准。研究结果：久坐行为与超重/肥胖（比值比=0.72，95%置信区间[CI]：0.325~1.389）、高甘油三酯血症（比值比=0.63，95%CI：0.306~1.297）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平低下（比值比=0.57，95%CI：0.323~1.019）或非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平升高（比值比=0.63，95%CI：0.283~1.389）均无显著相关性。但存在久坐行为的儿童及青少年，更倾向于在电视前规律进食（比值比=1.96，95%CI：1.114~3.456），且每日至少食用1份超加工食品（比值比=2.42，95%CI：1.381~4.241）；此外，他们规律摄入水果的可能性更低（比值比=0.52，95%CI：0.278~0.967）。研究结论：在参与体育活动的儿童及青少年中，久坐行为与心脏代谢危险因素并无关联，但久坐行为与不良饮食习惯存在显著相关性。据此可推测，规律参与体育活动或许能够缓解久坐行为对儿童及青少年心脏代谢指标的不利影响。