Table 1_An acute intervention experimental study on the effects of green and blue environment exposure combined with tai chi exercise on the emotional health of elderly males.docx

PurposeThis study investigated the acute effects of green and blue environment exposure combined with Tai Chi exercise on the short-term emotions of elderly males, and comparatively analyzed the characteristics of acute emotional responses to short-term exposure to different environment types paired with Tai Chi exercise, as well as differences in the maintenance of acute emotional effects following subsequent exposure to different environments after the combined intervention.
MethodsElderly males from Qinlou Subdistrict, Donggang District, Rizhao City, Shandong Province were recruited and assigned to four groups using the random number table method: conventional environment + Tai Chi (TJQ, N = 23), green environment + Tai Chi (GTJQ, N = 24), blue environment + Tai Chi (BTJQ, N = 23), and balanced green-blue environment + Tai Chi (GBTJQ, N = 24). An acute longitudinal dual-intervention model of “short-term green and blue exposure + short-term Tai Chi exercise + short-term continuous green and blue exposure” was implemented. Heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure, and short-term positive and negative emotion indices were measured at four time points: prior to the experiment, after 20-min environmental viewing, immediately post-exercise, and at heart rate recovery to resting level.
ResultsCompared with baseline, the GTJQ, BTJQ, and GBTJQ groups exhibited positive changes in HRV, blood pressure, and emotional indices after 20-min environmental viewing. All of the groups (TJQ, GTJQ, BTJQ, and GBTJQ) demonstrated positive changes in these parameters immediately after acute exercise and at heart rate recovery to resting level. The magnitude of acute positive emotional changes across all of the time points followed the order: BTJQ > GBTJQ > GTJQ > TJQ, with the BTJQ group showing the most pronounced changes.
ConclusionAcute exposure to different types of green and blue environments exerts positive effects on the short-term emotional health of elderly males. On this basis, acute exposure to different green and blue environments in combination with Tai Chi exercise further enhances short-term emotional outcomes in elderly males. Further, following this combined acute effect, continuous exposure to different green and blue environments maintains positive emotional changes for a longer duration during the recovery period. The environment types, ranked by the magnitude of acute positive changes and maintenance effects, are as follows: blue environment > balanced green-blue environment > green environment > conventional environment.

研究目的 本研究考察绿色与蓝色环境暴露联合太极拳运动对老年男性短期情绪的急性效应，并对比分析不同环境类型与太极拳运动联合干预下，老年男性的急性情绪反应特征，以及联合干预后后续暴露于不同环境时急性情绪效应的维持差异。
研究方法 招募山东省日照市东港区秦楼街道的老年男性，采用随机数字表法将其分为4组：常规环境+太极拳组（TJQ，N=23）、绿色环境+太极拳组（GTJQ，N=24）、蓝色环境+太极拳组（BTJQ，N=23）及绿蓝平衡环境+太极拳组（GBTJQ，N=24）。本研究采用“短期绿色/蓝色环境暴露+短期太极拳运动+短期持续绿色/蓝色环境暴露”的急性纵向双干预模型。于实验前、20分钟环境观看后、运动后即刻及心率恢复至静息水平时四个时间点，采集心率变异性（heart rate variability, HRV）、血压及短期正负情绪指标。
研究结果 与基线水平相比，GTJQ、BTJQ及GBTJQ组在20分钟环境观看后，其心率变异性、血压及情绪指标均出现正向变化。所有组别（TJQ、GTJQ、BTJQ、GBTJQ）在急性运动后即刻及心率恢复至静息水平时，上述参数均呈现正向变化。各时间点的急性积极情绪变化幅度排序为：BTJQ＞GBTJQ＞GTJQ＞TJQ，其中BTJQ组的变化最为显著。
研究结论 不同类型的绿色与蓝色环境急性暴露对老年男性的短期情绪健康具有正向改善作用。在此基础上，不同绿色/蓝色环境暴露联合太极拳运动的干预方式，可进一步提升老年男性的短期情绪状态。此外，在该联合急性干预效应的基础上，持续暴露于不同绿色/蓝色环境可在恢复期更长时间内维持积极情绪变化。按急性积极情绪变化幅度及维持效应排序的环境类型依次为：蓝色环境＞绿蓝平衡环境＞绿色环境＞常规环境。