Bids of PV and WT units.

The growing concerns over fossil fuel dependency, environmental impacts, and escalating energy expenses highlight the critical importance of enhancing energy system efficiency. This study presents a dual-phase optimization approach for improving grid-connected microgrid (μG) operations, focusing on Sodium-Sulfur (NaS) and Sodium Nickel Chloride (Na-NiCl₂) battery storage systems. The problem was structured as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model and resolved using GAMS software with its embedded open-source BONMIN solver. The initial phase establishes optimal battery storage system (BSS) allocation methods to optimize renewable energy source (RES) self-consumption (SC), increase hosting capacity (HC), and minimize operational expenses. Building on these results, the second phase develops optimal microgrid operational strategies to reduce total operating costs further. The research evaluates five scenarios with incrementally increasing the number of BSSs, ranging from one to five units. Through this systematic analysis, the work demonstrates that both the quantity and type of BSS units significantly impact μG operating costs. The most efficient configuration emerged in Case 3, where three Na-NiCl₂ BSS units achieved a 32.35% reduction in operating costs. Additionally, the integration of BSS demonstrated notable improvements in both HC and SC rates.

针对化石燃料依赖、环境影响与持续攀升的能源成本日益引发的广泛担忧，提升能源系统效率的重要性愈发凸显。本研究提出一种双阶段优化方法，用于优化并网微电网（grid-connected microgrid, μG）的运行调度，重点聚焦钠硫电池（Sodium-Sulfur, NaS）与钠镍氯化物电池（Sodium Nickel Chloride, Na-NiCl₂）两类储能系统。该问题被构建为混合整数非线性规划（mixed-integer nonlinear programming, MINLP）模型，并借助GAMS软件及其内嵌的开源BONMIN求解器进行求解。第一阶段确立最优电池储能系统（battery storage system, BSS）配置方案，以优化可再生能源（renewable energy source, RES）自发自用率（self-consumption, SC）、提升并网接纳容量（hosting capacity, HC）并降低运行成本。在此研究基础上，第二阶段开发最优微电网运行策略，以进一步降低总运行成本。本研究设置五种场景，逐步增加电池储能系统的配置数量，配置范围为1至5台。通过该系统性分析，本研究证实电池储能系统的配置数量与类型均会对微电网运行成本产生显著影响。其中，案例3的配置方案最优，即采用3台钠镍氯化物电池储能系统，可实现32.35%的运行成本降幅。此外，集成电池储能系统还可显著提升并网接纳容量与自发自用率。