Data_Sheet_15_Sanwei sandalwood decoction improves function of the gut microbiota in heart failure.XLSX

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Sanwei sandalwood decoction on improving function of the intestinal flora in doxorubicin-induced heart failure in rats.
Materials and methodsThirty Sprague–Dawley rats were screened and randomly assigned into a blank group, a model group, and a Sanwei sandalwood decoction group (treatment group). The rat model of heart failure was prepared and established in the latter two groups. After successful model establishment, the treatment group received Sanwei sandalwood decoction by continuous gavage at 2 g/kg, once daily for 4 weeks. The other groups were given an equivalent volume of saline. After the final dose, fecal samples were collected from each group and analyzed by macrogenomics and nontargeted metabolomics to characterize the intestinal flora and associated metabolites.
ResultsThe composition of gut microbiota was significantly different between the three groups. There were 778,808 common genes between the blank and model groups, while 49,315 genes were lost and 521,008 were gained in the model group relative to the blank group. At the phylum level, all groups of rat fecal samples were dominated by Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. At the genus level, the microbial community composition in all experimental groups of rat fecal samples was dominated by Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Limosilactobacillus, Allobaculum, Prevotella, and Ligilactobacillus spp. Interestingly, cluster analysis was performed on the top 30 KEGG ontology (KO) terms displaying significant differences in relative abundance in the rat fecal microbiome among experimental groups. The relative frequency of posttranslational modification, coenzyme transport and metabolism, cell wall, membrane, and envelope biogenesis in the eggNOG and CAZy databases. In the nontargeted metabolomics, the group principal component analysis revealed that the groups were well distinguished from one another. The different metabolites were screened with VIP >1, and the KEGG different metabolite classification and enrichment analysis revealed that there includes 15 metabolites pathway, including loxoprofen, conifery-l-acetate, trichilin A, and others. The arachidonic acid pathway also accounted for a significant portion of the KEGG pathway classification analysis.
ConclusionSanwei sandalwood decoction positively affects the intestinal microbial environment of rats with heart failure, improving the gut dysbiosis that is caused by the condition. This treatment intervention inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria and promotes the growth of beneficial species.

【目的】探讨三味檀香汤对阿霉素诱导心力衰竭大鼠肠道菌群功能的改善作用。
【材料与方法】选取30只Sprague-Dawley（SD）大鼠，随机分为空白组、模型组及三味檀香汤组（干预组）。后两组大鼠均构建阿霉素诱导的心力衰竭模型。造模成功后，干预组予以2g/kg的三味檀香汤连续灌胃，每日1次，持续4周；其余两组予以等体积生理盐水灌胃。末次给药后，采集各组大鼠粪便样本，通过宏基因组学（macrogenomics）与非靶向代谢组学（nontargeted metabolomics）分析，以解析肠道菌群及相关代谢物特征。
【结果】三组大鼠肠道菌群组成存在显著差异。空白组与模型组共存在778808个共有基因；相较于空白组，模型组丢失49315个基因，新增521008个基因。在门水平上，各组大鼠粪便样本的优势菌群均为厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）及变形菌门（Proteobacteria）。在属水平上，各组大鼠粪便样本的微生物群落组成以乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）、双歧杆菌属（Bifidobacterium）、Limosilactobacillus、Allobaculum、Prevotella及Ligilactobacillus为优势菌属。有趣的是，研究人员对各组大鼠粪便微生物组中相对丰度存在显著差异的前30个KEGG本体（KEGG ontology, KO）条目进行了聚类分析。eggNOG及CAZy数据库中，翻译后修饰、辅酶转运与代谢、细胞壁/细胞膜及被膜生物合成相关功能的相对占比存在差异。非靶向代谢组学的组间主成分分析结果显示，各组样本可被明显区分。以变量重要性投影（VIP, Variable Importance in Projection）>1为筛选标准，得到差异代谢物；KEGG差异代谢物分类与富集分析显示，共涉及15条代谢通路，包括洛索洛芬（loxoprofen）、松柏醇-l-乙酸酯（conifery-l-acetate）、Trichilin A等。其中，花生四烯酸通路在KEGG通路分类分析中占比显著。
【结论】三味檀香汤可有效改善心力衰竭大鼠的肠道微生物微环境，纠正该疾病引发的肠道菌群失调。该干预手段可抑制致病菌增殖，同时促进有益菌生长。