Table1_Temporal transcriptome of tomato elucidates the signaling pathways of induced systemic resistance and systemic acquired resistance activated by Chaetomium globosum.DOCX

C. globosum is an endophytic fungus, which is recorded effective against several fungal and bacterial diseases in plants. The exclusively induce defense as mechanism of biocontrol for C. globosum against phyto-pathogens is reported. Our pervious study states the effectiveness of induced defense by C. globosum (Cg), in tomato against Alternaria solani. In this study the temporal transcriptome analysis of tomato plants after treatment with C. globosum was performed for time points at 0 hpCi, 12 hpCi, 24 hpCi and 96 phCi. The temporal expression analysis of genes belonging to defense signaling pathways indicates the maximum expression of genes at 12 h post Cg inoculation. The sequential progression in JA signaling pathway is marked by upregulation of downstream genes (Solyc10g011660, Solyc01g005440) of JA signaling at 24 hpCi and continued to express at same level upto 96 hpCi. However, the NPR1 (Solyc07g040690), the key regulator of SA signaling is activated at 12 h and repressed in later stages. The sequential expression of phenylpropanoid pathway genes (Solyc09g007920, Solyc12g011330, Solyc05g047530) marks the activation of pathway with course of time after Cg treatment that results in lignin formation. The plant defense signaling progresses in sequential manner with time course after Cg treatment. The results revealed the involvement of signaling pathways of ISR and SAR in systemic resistance induced by Cg in tomato, but with temporal variation.

球孢枝顶孢霉（C. globosum）是一种内生真菌，据报道其对多种植物真菌及细菌性病害具有防控效果。已有研究证实，该菌通过诱导宿主防御反应作为其生物防治机制，抵御植物病原菌。本团队前期研究表明，球孢枝顶孢霉（Cg）可诱导番茄产生防御反应，抵御早疫病菌（Alternaria solani）。本研究对经球孢枝顶孢霉处理的番茄植株开展时序转录组分析，采样时点设置为0 hpCi、12 hpCi、24 hpCi及96 phCi。针对防御信号通路相关基因的时序表达分析显示，在球孢枝顶孢霉接种后12小时，相关基因的表达量达到峰值。茉莉酸（JA，Jasmonic acid）信号通路的时序激活表现为：其下游基因（Solyc10g011660、Solyc01g005440）在24 hpCi时出现上调，并维持该表达水平至96 hpCi。而水杨酸（SA，Salicylic acid）信号通路的核心调控因子——病程相关基因非表达子1（NPR1，Solyc07g040690），在12 hpCi时被激活，后续阶段则表达受抑。苯丙烷代谢通路相关基因（Solyc09g007920、Solyc12g011330、Solyc05g047530）的时序表达，反映了球孢枝顶孢霉处理后该通路随时间逐步激活，最终介导木质素合成。植物防御信号通路在球孢枝顶孢霉处理后，随时间进程呈时序化动态变化。研究结果表明，诱导系统抗性（ISR，Induced Systemic Resistance）与系统获得性抗性（SAR，Systemic Acquired Resistance）信号通路均参与了球孢枝顶孢霉诱导的番茄系统抗性，但二者的时序调控模式存在差异。