Paisaje y patrimonio en Texcoco, México Un enfoque de geografía cultural y arquitectura de paisaje

Professional interventions in landscapes of indigenous origin have a cultural complexity rarely considered by designers and planners. Today, on the verge of various environmental crises, such as the water crisis, attention should be paid to sustainable landscape knowledge when it is part of the worldview of its inhabitants. In this article, we compare two towns in the municipality of Texcoco, Mexico which have had similar behaviors regarding their environment in the 16th century. They have distanced themselves in such ways that the comparison can work as an example for other cases of countries with indigenous communities. While San Luis Huexotla seems to have lost its sacred linkage with the Tlaloc volcano that stands out on the horizon and with the pre-Hispanic buildings of the town, San Miguel Coatlinchan continues to carry out ritual practices in places of archaeological importance, which sustain the care and maintenance of its natural and cultural heritage. Here we demonstrate that following a historical-geographical model that explains the relationship between inhabitants and their environment, it is possible to understand the differences that culturally separate these two towns; furthermore, to design an architectural landscape project in Huexotla to evidence the rupture of the community with its landscape and try to improve it.

针对原住民（indigenous）原生景观的专业干预行为，其所蕴含的文化复杂性往往未被设计师与规划者充分考量。如今，在水危机等各类环境危机日益严峻的当下，若可持续景观知识根植于当地居民的世界观体系，则理应受到足够重视。本文以墨西哥特斯科科（Texcoco）市的两座城镇为研究对象，二者在16世纪时针对周边环境的行为模式高度相似；时至今日二者的发展路径已产生显著分异，该对比案例可为其他存在原住民社群的国家提供参考范式。圣路易斯韦约特拉（San Luis Huexotla）似乎已丧失与天际线上标志性的特拉洛克火山（Tlaloc Volcano）以及城镇内前西班牙殖民时期建筑（pre-Hispanic buildings）的神圣联结；而圣米格尔科特林昌（San Miguel Coatlinchan）仍在具有考古价值的场地中延续仪式实践，这些活动维系着当地对自然与文化遗产的管护工作。本文通过阐释居民与环境关系的历史-地理模型（historical-geographical model），阐明了两座城镇在文化层面产生分异的内在逻辑；此外，本文还针对韦约特拉设计了一处建筑景观项目，用以展现当地社群与其原生景观之间的断裂关系，并尝试探索改善路径。