Tide-surge, tide and surge simulations output of 2D DCSM-FM v7 from 1980 to 2020 at Euro platform.

This dataset includes results of hydrodynamic simulations for Euro platform, an offshore structure located in the southern North Sea that serves as a beacon for shipping and a measurement platform for the location. The results were generated with the 2D Dutch Continental Shelf Model - Flexible Mesh (DCSM, [Zijl and Groenenboom, 2019]), the successor of the version in Zijl et al. [2013,2015]. The model describes the tide-surge water level variability for the northwest European continental shelf between 15◦W to 13◦E and 43◦N to 64◦N by solving the depth-integrated shallow-water equations for hydrodynamic modeling of free-surface flows [Leendertse, 1967, Stelling, 1984]. Water level conditions are applied at the northern, western, and southern open boundaries. When modeling the tide-surge water levels, they are composed of the sum of the astronomical water levels and the surge. The tides are obtained from a harmonic expansion of 32 tidal constituents retrieved from the global ocean tide model FES2012 [Carr`ere et al., 2013] supplemented with the solar annual Sa constituent obtained from an earlier version of the model. The surge at the open boundaries is approximated by the time- and space-dependent inverse barometer correction. A smaller part of the tides is generated from the tidal potential within the model domain. When included, time- and space-varying atmospheric wind and pressure forcings are obtained from the ECMWF’s ERA5 reanalysis dataset [Hersbach et al., 2020]. In our simulations, we force the model by i) both tidal and meteorological (i.e., atmospheric wind and pressure) forcing, ii) tidal forcing only, and iii) meteorological forcing only. This enumeration also relates to the files included and described below. The files included are: i. 2D_DCSM-FM_A03_FES2014_GTSM_H1H2_1980-2020_EURPFM_complete.pkl ii. 2D_DCSM-FM_A03_FES2014_GTSM_H1H2_1980-2020_astro_EURPFM_complete.pkl iii. 2D_DCSM-FM_A03_FES2014_GTSM_H1H2_1980-2020_noTide_noTGF_EURPFM_complete.pkl References: F. Zijl and J. Groenenboom. Development of a sixth-generation model for the NW European Shelf (DCSM-FM 0.5nm). Technical report, Deltares, 2019. Available online at: https: //publications.deltares.nl/11203715_004.pdf (accessed July 18, 2022). F. Zijl, M. Verlaan, and H. Gerritsen. Improved water-level forecasting for the northwest european shelf and north sea through direct modeling of tide, surge and non-linear interaction. Ocean Dynam., 63(7):823–847, 2013. ISSN 1616-7228. doi: 10.1007/s10236-013-0624-2. F. Zijl, J. Sumihar, and M. Verlaan. Application of data assimilation for improved operational water level forecasting on the northwest European shelf and north sea. Ocean Dynam., 65(12): 1699–1716, 2015. ISSN 1616-7228. doi: 10.1007/s10236-015-0898-7. L. Carr`ere, F. Lyard, M. Cancet, A. Guillot, and L. Roblou. FES2012: A New Global Tidal Model Taking Advantage of Nearly 20 Years of Altimetry. In L. Ouwehand, editor, 20 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry, volume 710 of ESA Special Publication, page 13, Sept. 2013. H. Hersbach, B. Bell, P. Berrisford, S. Hirahara, A. Hor ́anyi, J. Mu ̃noz-Sabater, J. Nicolas, C. Peubey, R. Radu, D. Schepers, et al. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 146(730):1999–2049, 2020. doi: 10.1002/qj.3803. J. J. Leendertse. Aspects of a Computational Model for Long-period Water-wave Propagation. Rand Corporation for the United States Air Force Project Rand, 1967. LEGOS/CNRS/CLS. Dynamic atmospheric correction, 1992. URL https://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/en/data/products/auxiliary-products/dynamic-atmospheric-correction.html. G. S. Stelling. On the construction of computational methods for shallow water flow problems. PhD thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 1984. Rijkswaterstaat Communications 35. <br>

本数据集包含针对Euro平台的水动力模拟（hydrodynamic simulations）结果。Euro平台是位于北海南部的海上结构物，兼具航运灯塔与区域测量平台的功能。

模拟结果由二维荷兰大陆架模型-柔性网格（Dutch Continental Shelf Model - Flexible Mesh，简称DCSM，[Zijl and Groenenboom, 2019]）生成，该模型是Zijl等人[2013,2015]版本的后续迭代。该模型通过求解用于自由表面流（free-surface flows）水动力建模的深度积分浅水方程（depth-integrated shallow-water equations）[Leendertse, 1967; Stelling, 1984]，描述了15°W至13°E、43°N至64°N范围内西北欧大陆架的潮汐-风暴潮水位变化（tide-surge water level variability）特征。模型在北部、西部和南部开边界（open boundaries）处施加水位条件。

在模拟潮汐-风暴潮水位时，其值由天文水位（astronomical water levels）与风暴潮（surge）水位叠加而成。潮汐部分源自对32个分潮（tidal constituents）的调和展开（harmonic expansion），这些分潮取自全球海洋潮汐模型FES2012[Carrère et al., 2013]，并补充了来自该模型早期版本的太阳年分潮Sa（solar annual Sa constituent）。开边界处的风暴潮通过时空依赖的反气压校正（inverse barometer correction）进行近似计算。潮汐的一小部分由模型域（model domain）内的潮汐势（tidal potential）生成。

若包含时空变化的大气风场与气压强迫（meteorological forcing）项，则其数据取自欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）的ERA5再分析数据集（reanalysis dataset）[Hersbach et al., 2020]。本研究的模拟中，模型驱动方式分为三类：i) 同时施加潮汐与气象（即大气风场及气压）强迫；ii) 仅施加潮汐强迫；iii) 仅施加气象强迫。此分类与下文所述的包含文件一一对应。

包含的文件如下：
i. 2D_DCSM-FM_A03_FES2014_GTSM_H1H2_1980-2020_EURPFM_complete.pkl
ii. 2D_DCSM-FM_A03_FES2014_GTSM_H1H2_1980-2020_astro_EURPFM_complete.pkl
iii. 2D_DCSM-FM_A03_FES2014_GTSM_H1H2_1980-2020_noTide_noTGF_EURPFM_complete.pkl

参考文献：
F. Zijl与J. Groenenboom. 西北欧大陆架第六代模型（DCSM-FM 0.5nm）的开发. 技术报告，Deltares，2019. 在线获取地址：https://publications.deltares.nl/11203715_004.pdf（访问日期：2022年7月18日）。
F. Zijl、M. Verlaan与H. Gerritsen. 通过潮汐、风暴潮及非线性相互作用直接建模改进西北欧大陆架与北海的水位预报. 《海洋动力学》（Ocean Dynam.），63(7)：823–847，2013. ISSN 1616-7228. doi: 10.1007/s10236-013-0624-2.
F. Zijl、J. Sumihar与M. Verlaan. 数据同化在改进西北欧大陆架与北海业务化水位预报中的应用. 《海洋动力学》（Ocean Dynam.），65(12)：1699–1716，2015. ISSN 1616-7228. doi: 10.1007/s10236-015-0898-7.
L. Carrère、F. Lyard、M. Cancet、A. Guillot与L. Roblou. FES2012：利用近20年测高数据构建的新一代全球潮汐模型. 载于L. Ouwehand主编《雷达测高20年进展》，欧洲空间局特别出版物第710卷，第13页，2013年9月.
H. Hersbach、B. Bell、P. Berrisford、S. Hirahara、A. Horányi、J. Muñoz-Sabater、J. Nicolas、C. Peubey、R. Radu、D. Schepers等. ERA5全球再分析数据集. 《皇家气象学会季刊》（Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society），146(730)：1999–2049，2020. doi: 10.1002/qj.3803.
J. J. Leendertse. 长周期水波传播计算模型的若干方面. 兰德公司为美国空军Rand项目撰写的报告，1967.
LEGOS/CNRS/CLS. 动态大气校正，1992. 网址：https://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/en/data/products/auxiliary-products/dynamic-atmospheric-correction.html.
G. S. Stelling. 浅水流动问题计算方法的构建. 博士学位论文，代尔夫特理工大学，代尔夫特，1984. 荷兰公共工程与水管理局通讯35期.