TYPES OF HEADER, OPERATING SPEED, AND GEOMETRY OF COLLECTION FRAMES ON THE TOTAL LOSSES OF SOYBEAN HARVEST

ABSTRACT Soybean has significant economic importance in Brazil despite high production costs, making it necessary to increase the efficiency of mechanized harvest through the reduction of losses. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the total losses in the mechanized soybean harvest as a function of the combination of header types, operating speeds, and geometry of collection frames. The study was carried out in a commercial farm in a randomized block design arranged in a 2 × 3 × 3 factorial with 10 replications, totaling 180 replications. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and quality control. The square frame can be used instead of the rectangular frame for the determination of the total losses. The increasing operating speed increased total losses in the auger header. On the other hand, the lowest losses at the highest operating speed were observed in the belt header. The harvester with belt header was more efficient when compared to that with auger header at the highest operating speed.

摘要：尽管大豆在巴西具有重要的经济价值，但其生产成本高昂，因此有必要通过降低损失来提升机械化收获的效率。为此，本研究旨在评估机械化大豆收获总损失量与割台类型、作业速度以及收集框几何形状组合之间的关联关系。本研究于某商业农场开展，采用随机区组设计，设置2×3×3析因试验方案，共10次重复，总计180个试验重复。试验数据通过描述性统计、方差分析以及质量控制方法进行分析。研究表明，可使用方形收集框替代矩形收集框来测定总损失量。作业速度的提升会增加螺旋输送式割台的总损失量；与之相反，带式割台在最高作业速度下的损失量最低。在最高作业速度条件下，配备带式割台的收获机相较于配备螺旋输送式割台的收获机，作业效率更高。