Supplementary Data Public-Private Partnerships as Catalysts for Sustainable Tourism Amidst Global Challenges in Indonesia

This investigation delves into the effectiveness of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in propelling sustainable tourism development within the Lagoi Tourism Area of Bintan Regency, Indonesia. It underscores the instrumental role of PPPs in augmenting regional income whilst mitigating global challenges, notably the Covid-19 pandemic. The research endeavors to bridge the extant literature gap by scrutinizing the influence of PPPs on economic augmentation, societal benefits, cultural conservation, and environmental sustainability within the context of Southeast Asia’s tourism industry. Employing a descriptive qualitative methodology, complemented by purposive and snowball sampling strategies, the study aggregates data from pivotal stakeholders engaged in the development of coastal tourism. The findings elucidate that PPPs efficaciously amalgamate economic, social, and environmental objectives, thereby substantially contributing to economic development, infrastructural advancement, and community empowerment. Nonetheless, the research identifies existing impediments, including ambiguities in Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) and deficiencies in stakeholder communication. The study accentuates the resilience of PPPs in navigating crises and transitions, advocating for the enhancement of governance frameworks, the equitable distribution of income, and the amplification of community involvement. It posits the refinement of PPP constructs to cultivate equitable, efficient, and sustainable tourism development, emphasizing the imperative for improved communication among stakeholders and infrastructural progressions to address forthcoming challenges.

本研究旨在探讨公私合作伙伴关系（Public-Private Partnerships, PPPs）在推动印尼宾坦摄政区拉戈伊旅游区可持续旅游业发展中的成效。本研究强调了公私合作伙伴关系在增加区域收入同时缓解全球挑战（尤其是新冠疫情）方面的重要作用。本研究旨在填补现有文献空白，剖析公私合作伙伴关系对东南亚旅游业背景下的经济增长、社会效益、文化保护与环境可持续性的影响。本研究采用描述性质性研究方法，并辅以目的性抽样与滚雪球抽样策略，从参与滨海旅游开发的关键利益相关者处收集数据。研究结果表明，公私合作伙伴关系能够有效整合经济、社会与环境目标，从而显著推动经济发展、基础设施建设与社区赋权。不过，本研究也识别出了现存的阻碍因素，包括谅解备忘录（Memoranda of Understanding, MoUs）条款模糊以及利益相关者沟通不足等问题。本研究强调了公私合作伙伴关系在应对危机与转型过程中的韧性，呼吁完善治理框架、实现收入公平分配，并增强社区参与度。本研究提出应优化公私合作伙伴关系模式，以打造公平、高效且可持续的旅游业发展路径，并强调需改善利益相关者间的沟通与基础设施建设，以应对未来挑战。