Facial analysis in Down's Syndrome patients

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the facial features of patients with Down syndrome, such as projection of the nose, projection and length of upper and lower lips, projection of soft pogonion and to compare them with the standardized analysis by Ayala and Gutierrez1. METHODS: The sample consisted of 20 patients with Down's Syndrome, between 8 and 13 years-old of both genders. The analysis was performed by one orthodontist, using lateral cephalograms and photography in natural head position. For statistical analysis, the mean values of linear measurements within a range of 95% were used. RESULTS: The mean (± standard deviation) showed a nasal projection of 10.1 mm (2.4), the upper and lower lip in front of the vertical reference line, subnasal and soft pogonion with a retrusion of 4.95 mm (4.6). The length of the upper lip showed a value of 20.2 mm (2.4) and the length of the lower lip of 42.5 mm (2.9). CONCLUSION: The facial analysis of patients with Down's Syndrome, compared with Ayala and Gutierrez1, showed smaller nasal projection, greater projection of the upper and lower lip, but lengths, and retrusion of the soft pogonion, similar to those of normal individuals

研究目的：本研究旨在分析唐氏综合征（Down syndrome）患者的面部特征，包括鼻部突度、上下唇的突度与长度、软组织颏点（soft pogonion）突度，并将结果与Ayala及Gutierrez¹的标准化分析进行对比。
研究方法：本研究样本包含20名8~13岁、性别分布均衡的唐氏综合征患者。由1名正畸医师采用自然头位（natural head position）下的头颅侧位片（lateral cephalograms）与面部照片开展分析。统计学分析采用95%置信区间内的线性测量均值（±标准差，standard deviation）。
研究结果：均值（±标准差）结果显示：鼻部突度为10.1mm（标准差2.4）；上下唇均位于垂直参考线前方；鼻下点与软组织颏点后缩量为4.95mm（标准差4.6）；上唇长度为20.2mm（标准差2.4），下唇长度为42.5mm（标准差2.9）。
研究结论：与Ayala及Gutierrez¹的标准化分析结果对比后，唐氏综合征患者的面部特征分析显示：其鼻部突度更小、上下唇突度更大，唇长与软组织颏点后缩量均与正常个体相近。