Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Profiling of Two Closely Related Species within the Genus Oldenlandia

The genus Oldenlandia encompasses numerous medicinal plants with significant pharmacological potential, yet their tissue-specific metabolism and transcriptional profiles remain understudied. This study combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to compare the differences in five tissues (roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits) between two closely related Oldenlandia species, Oldenlandia diffusa and Oldenlandia corymbosa. Using a widely targeted metabolomics approach based on UPLC-MS/MS, we monitored 1,343 metabolites across 60 samples from the two species. Transcriptome sequencing generated 272.121 Gb and 257.039 Gb of clean data for Oldenlandia diffusa and Oldenlandia corymbosa, respectively, along with 37,644 and 20,825 annotated genes. Comparative analysis revealed numerous differentially expressed genes, whose diverse functions were elucidated through GO enrichment. This comprehensive dataset provides a valuable resource for further investigating the phenotypic traits and metabolic mechanisms underlying the pharmacological activities of these medicinally important Oldenlandia species.

耳草属（Oldenlandia）包含多种具有显著药理潜力的药用植物，但其组织特异性代谢与转录组特征仍未得到充分研究。本研究结合转录组学与代谢组学分析，对两个近缘耳草属物种——白花蛇舌草（Oldenlandia diffusa）与伞房花耳草（Oldenlandia corymbosa）的五种组织（根、茎、叶、花、果实）的差异进行了比较。本研究采用基于超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）的广泛靶向代谢组学方法，对两个物种的60份样本中的1343种代谢物进行了定量检测。转录组测序分别为白花蛇舌草与伞房花耳草产出272.121 Gb与257.039 Gb的清洁转录组数据，并分别注释得到37644个与20825个功能基因。比较分析揭示了大量差异表达基因，并通过基因本体（GO）富集分析阐明了这些基因的多样生物学功能。本综合数据集为进一步研究这些药用耳草属物种的表型特征及其药理活性背后的代谢机制提供了宝贵的研究资源。