The Urban Energy-Water Nexus: Utility-Level Water Flows and Embedded Energy

There are limited open source data available for determining water production/treatment and required energy for cities across the United States. This database represents the culmination of a two-year effort to obtain data from cities across the United States via open records requests in order to determine the state of the U.S. urban energy-water nexus. Data were requested at the daily or monthly scale when available for 127 cities across the United States, represented by 253 distinct water and sewer districts. Data were requested from cities larger than 100,000 people and from each state. In the case of states that did not have cities that met these criteria, the largest cities in those states were selected. The resulting database represents a drinking water service population of 81.4 million and a wastewater service population of 86.2 million people. Average daily demands for the United States were calculated to be 560 liters per capita for drinking water and 500 liters per capita of wastewater. The embedded energy within each of these resources is 340 kWh/1000 m3 and 430 kWh/1000 m3, respectively. Drinking water data at the annual scale are available for production volume (89 cities) and for embedded energy (73 cities). Annual wastewater data are available for treated volume (104 cities) and embedded energy (90 cities). Monthly data are available for drinking water volume and embedded energy (73 and 56 cities) and wastewater volume and embedded energy (88 and 70 cities). Please see the two related papers for this metadata are included with this submission. Each folder name is a city that contributed data to the collection effort (City+State Abbreviation). Within each folder is a .csv file with drinking water and wastewater volume and energy data. A READ-ME file within each folder details the contents of the folder within any relevant information pertaining to data collection. Data are on the order of a monthly timescale when available, and yearly if not. Please cite the following papers when using the database: Chini, C.M. and Stillwell, A.S. (2017). The State of U.S. Urban Water: Data and the Energy-Water Nexus. Water Resources Research. 54(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR022265 Chini, C.M., and Stillwell, A. (2016). Where are all the data? The case for a comprehensive water and wastewater utility database. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management. 143(3). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000739

目前，美国各城市水生产/处理及所需能源相关的开源数据较为有限。本数据库是为期两年工作的成果，旨在通过公开记录请求获取美国各城市的数据，以明确美国城市能水关系（energy-water nexus）的现状。研究针对美国127个城市（对应253个独立的供水和污水处理区）请求数据，在可行情况下获取日度或月度尺度的数据。数据请求对象为各州人口超10万的城市；对于无此类城市的州，则选取该州最大的城市。最终数据库覆盖的饮用水服务人口达8140万，污水处理服务人口达8620万。计算得出美国人均日饮用水需求量为560升，人均日污水排放量为500升；这些资源中的隐含能源分别为340千瓦时/千立方米（饮用水）和430千瓦时/千立方米（污水）。年度尺度的饮用水数据包括产量（89个城市）和隐含能源（73个城市）；年度污水处理数据包括处理量（104个城市）和隐含能源（90个城市）。月度数据包括饮用水量及隐含能源（分别来自73和56个城市）、污水量及隐含能源（分别来自88和70个城市）。本提交中包含的元数据相关信息请参见两篇关联论文。每个文件夹以提供数据的城市命名（格式为城市+州缩写），内含一个.csv文件，包含饮用水和污水的量及能源数据；每个文件夹中的README文件详细说明文件夹内容及数据收集相关的所有信息。数据优先采用月度尺度（若可行），否则采用年度尺度。使用本数据库时请引用以下论文：Chini, C.M. 和 Stillwell, A.S. (2017). 《美国城市水现状：数据与能水关系》. 《水资源研究》(Water Resources Research). 54(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR022265；Chini, C.M. 和 Stillwell, A. (2016). 《数据何在？构建综合供水与污水处理设施数据库的必要性》. 《水资源规划与管理期刊》(Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management). 143(3). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000739