Data for "<b>Responses of El Niño and La Niña precipitation to CO2 removal</b>"

The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-induced tropical Pacific rainfall anomaly is central to ENSO dynamics and teleconnections, but its response to climate change mitigation remains less explored. Using a large ensemble simulation of symmetric CO₂ ramp-up and ramp-down pathways, we found pronounced hysteresis and asymmetric features of equatorial Pacific rainfall changes between two ENSO phases. El Niño rainfall shows a century-scale hysteretic enhancement in the eastern Pacific, mainly due to the increase in cloud-longwave radiation feedback and deep convection anomaly modulated by the background Intertropical Convergence Zone changes. The La Niña precipitation intensification confined to the central-western Pacific is contributed by increased background moisture and shallow convection anomalies related to the SST anomaly structure, with a hysteresis timescale of a few decades following ocean thermal inertia. The distinct regimes and resilience of El Niño and La Niña precipitation have important implications for climate change mitigation and ENSO-mean state interactions.厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（El Niño-Southern Oscillation, ENSO）引发的热带太平洋降雨异常，是ENSO动力学与遥相关过程的核心组成部分，但其对气候变化减缓措施的响应仍有待深入探索。本研究基于对称二氧化碳升、降浓度路径下的大集合模拟试验，发现赤道太平洋降雨变化在两类ENSO位相下呈现显著迟滞效应与非对称特征。厄尔尼诺事件对应的降雨在东太平洋表现出百年尺度的迟滞增强，这主要源于背景热带辐合带变化调制的云-长波辐射反馈增强与深对流异常。拉尼娜事件的降水增强则局限于中西太平洋，其成因在于背景水汽增加以及与海表温度异常结构相关的浅对流异常，该响应的迟滞时间尺度约为数十年，受海洋热惯性调控。厄尔尼诺与拉尼娜降水的独特模态与韧性特征，对气候变化减缓工作以及ENSO与平均态的相互作用研究均具有重要的启示意义。