In vitro haemostatic efficacy of aqueous, methanol and ethanol plant extracts of three medicinal plant species in Palestine

Abstract The haemostatic efficacy of different extract types of Satureja thymbra L., Thymbra spicata L. (Lamiaceae) and Verbascum fruticulosum Post. (Scrophulariaceae) was evaluated in this study via the Prothrombin time (PT) and Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) analysis. Aqueous, methanol and ethanol extracts of the examined plant species leaves were prepared to a final concentration 50 mg/mL. In vitro PT and aPTT assays were conducted on normal platelet poor plasma blood samples by a digital coagulation analyzer. The obtained results revealed anticoagulation activity of all investigated plant species with observed variations among them. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of T. spicata as well as the aqueous extract of S. thymbra prolonged PT values significantly (p < 0.05). While, all V. fruticulosum extract types have had no significant effect on the PT values. The recorded aPTT data showed that all aqueous extracts have had a significant effect on the blood haemostasis as they increased aPTT values in all plant species under study. Out of which, both the ethanol and methanol extracts of T. spicata and methanol extract of S. thymbra showed similar effect. Of great concern, it was clearly noticed that the aqueous and ethanol extract of T. spicata and the aqueous extract of S. thymbra possess the strongest anticoagulation effect as they increased both PT and aPTT values significantly relative to the control (p < 0.05). The variable anticoagulation bioactivity among the studied plant species could be referred to the various solvents degrees of solubility of different phyto-constituents. Thus, the efficacy of the plant species extracts evaluation as anticoagulants or coagulants were related to the plant species and to the solvent of extraction.

摘要 本研究通过凝血酶原时间（Prothrombin time, PT）与活化部分凝血活酶时间（Activated partial thromboplastin time, aPTT）分析，评估了百里香风轮菜（Satureja thymbra L.）、尖花百里香（Thymbra spicata L.，唇形科Lamiaceae）以及灌木毛蕊花（Verbascum fruticulosum Post.，玄参科Scrophulariaceae）不同提取物的凝血调控功效。将受试植物叶片的水提取物、甲醇提取物与乙醇提取物制备至终浓度为50 mg/mL。采用数字化凝血分析仪对正常乏血小板血浆样本开展体外PT与aPTT检测。所得结果显示，所有受试植物均具有抗凝活性，且不同物种间存在活性差异。尖花百里香的水提取物与乙醇提取物、以及百里香风轮菜的水提取物可显著延长PT值（p < 0.05）；而所有灌木毛蕊花提取物对PT值均无显著影响。记录的aPTT数据显示，所有受试植物的水提取物均可显著影响血液凝血过程，可升高所有受试物种的aPTT值。其中，尖花百里香的乙醇提取物与甲醇提取物、以及百里香风轮菜的甲醇提取物表现出相似的抗凝效果。尤为值得关注的是，可明确观察到尖花百里香的水提取物与乙醇提取物、以及百里香风轮菜的水提取物具有最强的抗凝活性：相较于对照组，它们可显著升高PT与aPTT值（p < 0.05）。受试植物间抗凝生物活性的差异，可归因于不同植物成分在不同溶剂中的溶解度差异。因此，植物提取物作为抗凝剂或促凝剂的评估效果，与植物物种及提取溶剂均密切相关。