Regression coefficients for Model 1 and Model 2.

COVID-19-related regulations have impacted the economy and people’s well-being, highlighting the long-standing problem of inequality. This research explored how COVID-19-related restrictive policies, such as a lockdown or social distancing, affected people’s well-being. In Study 1, a cross-sectional online survey (N = 685), we examined the associations between socio-economic characteristics, the number of resources, their relative change, people’s stress levels, and their support of restrictive policies. We found that financial loss due to COVID-19, the number of children at home, and the intensity of restrictive measures were associated with higher stress by restrictive measures. The lower support for restrictive measures was observed among those who experienced financial loss due to COVID-19, had more children at home, less frequently accessed COVID-19-related information in the media, and did not perform self-isolation. Men were generally less supportive of restrictions than women, and the number of new COVID-19 cases was negatively related to the support. Lower stress and higher support for restrictive measures were positively associated with life satisfaction. In Study 2, an experience-sampling survey (Nparticipants = 46, Nresponses = 1112), the participants rated their well-being and level of available resources daily for one month. We observed that daily increases in well-being, characterized by higher life satisfaction and lower levels of stress and boredom, were positively associated with more social communication and being outdoors. In summary, the findings support the resource and demand framework, which states that people with access to resources can better cope with the demands of restrictive policies. Implications for policies and interventions to improve well-being are discussed.

新冠疫情相关防疫管控措施对经济与民众福祉造成了影响，同时凸显了长期存在的不平等问题。本研究探讨了新冠疫情相关限制性政策（例如封城措施与社交距离要求）对民众福祉的影响。
在研究1中，我们依托一项横断面线上调查（有效样本量N=685），分析了社会经济特征、可获得资源数量、资源相对变化量、民众压力水平与民众对限制性政策支持度之间的关联。研究发现，新冠疫情导致的经济损失、居家子女数量以及限制性措施的严格程度，均与民众因限制性政策产生的更高压力水平显著相关。同时观察到，以下群体对限制性政策的支持度更低：因新冠疫情遭受经济损失者、居家子女数量较多者、较少通过媒体获取新冠相关信息者，以及未实施自我隔离者。总体而言，男性对防疫限制措施的支持度低于女性；新增新冠确诊病例数与政策支持度呈负相关。较低的压力水平与较高的限制性政策支持度，均与生活满意度呈正相关。
在研究2中，我们开展了一项经验取样法调查（experience-sampling survey，参与者人数N=46，有效回复数N=1112），要求参与者在为期一个月的周期内每日对自身福祉水平与可获得资源数量进行评分。研究观察到，以更高生活满意度、更低压力与无聊感为特征的每日福祉提升，与更多的社交互动及户外活动时长呈正相关。
综上，本研究结果验证了资源-需求框架（resource and demand framework），该框架指出，拥有可获取资源的个体能够更好地应对限制性政策带来的压力。本文最后讨论了本研究对优化民众福祉的政策制定与干预措施的启示意义。