Māori and Pasifika Whānau expertise and experiences in the ear and hearing health system in the Counties Manukau Region, Auckland

Unaddressed hearing loss and middle ear problems have lifelong implications for speech and language development, social skills, education, and future employment opportunities. In Aotearoa New Zealand, Māori and Pasifika peoples are overrepresented in ear and hearing health statistics and experience many unmet needs. Despite the promise of equal outcomes under Te Tiriti o Waitangi, there is a well-established body of literature reporting poor health-related outcomes for Māori and Pasifika peoples. Tamariki (children) and their whānau (families) face a range of multi-factorial barriers when accessing ear and hearing health services. This study aims to explore the experiences of Māori and Pasifika whānau accessing these services in the Counties Manukau region, Auckland. The research was guided by Kaupapa Māori and Pan-Pacific research principles, which aim to address power relationships in research, critique deficit discourses, and maintain high quality standards for Māori and Pacific health research. Six whānau interviews were conducted and thematic analysis of data resulted in three themes – Whānau are experts, Power and control, and What makes a good ear and hearing health service. In addition, Māori and Pasifika whānau made suggestions for improvements in ear and hearing healthcare, which will inform larger scale ear and hearing health projects in NZ.
Glossary of Māori words: hapū: kinship group, clan, tribe, subtribe – section of a large kinship group; iwi: tribe, nation, people, nationality, race; karakia: prayer, grace, blessing; lotu: prayer, blessing; Māori: normal, ordinary, indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand; mokopuna: grandchild, great-nephew or great-niece; Pākehā: (Te Reo Māori) European; Papa'a: (Cook Island Māori) European; raranga: weaving; tamariki: children; taonga: treasure; Tauiwi: (Te Reo Māori) non-Māori people of Aotearoa New Zealand; Te Taiao: world; Earth; natural world; environment; tikanga: correct procedure, custom, method, manner, rule, way, code, practice; wāhine: woman, female; whakapapa: genealogy; lineage; descent; whānau: extended family network, family group.

未被妥善干预的听力损失与中耳疾病，将对个体的言语语言发育、社交技能培养、教育进程及未来就业机会造成终身性影响。在新西兰奥特亚罗瓦（Aotearoa New Zealand），毛利人（Māori）与太平洋岛民（Pasifika peoples）在耳部与听力健康相关统计数据中占比偏高，且存在诸多未被满足的健康需求。尽管《怀唐伊条约》（Te Tiriti o Waitangi）承诺保障平等的健康结局，但已有大量权威文献证实，毛利人与太平洋岛民的健康相关结局普遍不佳。塔玛里基（tamariki，儿童）及其瓦纳乌（whānau，家族）在获取耳部与听力健康服务的过程中，面临一系列多维度障碍。本研究旨在探究奥克兰地区曼努考县（Counties Manukau）内，毛利人与太平洋岛民瓦纳乌获取这类服务的真实体验。本研究以毛利研究框架（Kaupapa Māori）与泛太平洋研究原则为指导，这些原则旨在厘清研究中的权力关系、批判匮乏性论述，并为毛利与太平洋健康研究维持高标准质量规范。本次研究共开展6场针对瓦纳乌的访谈，通过主题数据分析最终提炼出三大核心主题：「瓦纳乌是健康服务的专家」、「权力与掌控权」以及「何为优质的耳部与听力健康服务」。此外，毛利人与太平洋岛民瓦纳乌还针对耳部与听力医疗保健服务提出了改进建议，这些建议将为新西兰境内更大规模的耳部与听力健康相关项目提供重要参考。

### 毛利语词汇释义表
哈普（hapū）：亲属群体、氏族、部落、亚部落——大型亲属群体的分支；
伊维（iwi）：部落、民族、族群；
卡拉基亚（karakia）：祈祷、感恩词、祝福；
洛图（lotu）：祈祷、祝福；
毛利人（Māori）：新西兰奥特亚罗瓦的原住民；
莫库普纳（mokopuna）：孙辈、侄孙或甥孙；
帕凯哈（Pākehā）：（毛利语）欧洲裔；
帕帕阿（Papa'a）：（库克岛毛利语）欧洲裔；
拉兰加（raranga）：编织技艺；
塔玛里基（tamariki）：儿童；
塔翁加（taonga）：珍宝；
陶伊维（Tauiwi）：（毛利语）新西兰奥特亚罗瓦的非毛利族群；
泰塔奥（Te Taiao）：世界、地球、自然世界、生态环境；
蒂坎加（tikanga）：正确流程、习俗、方法、规则、惯例；
瓦希内（wāhine）：女性；
瓦卡帕帕（whakapapa）：家谱、世系、血统；
瓦纳乌（whānau）：大家庭网络、家族群体。