Descriptive data for occupancy clusters.

The future of workspace is significantly shaped by the advancements in technologies, changes in work patterns and workers’ desire for an improved well-being. Co-working space is an alternative workspace solution, for cost-effectiveness, the opportunity for diverse and flexible design and multi-use. This study examined the human-centric design choices using spatial and temporal variation of occupancy levels and user behaviour in a flexible co-working space in London. Through a machine-learning-driven analysis, we investigated the time-dependent patterns, decompose space usage, calculate seat utilisation and identify spatial hotspots. The analysis incorporated a large dataset of sensor-detected occupancy data spanning 477 days, comprising more than 140 million (145×106) data points. Additionally, on-site observations of activities were recorded for 13 days spanning over a year, with 110 time instances including more than 1000 snapshots of occupants’ activities, indoor environment, working behaviour and preferences. Results showed that the shared working areas positioned near windows or in more open, connected and visible locations are significantly preferred and utilised for communication and working, and semi-enclosed space on the side with less visibility and higher privacy are preferred for focused working. The flexibility of multi-use opportunity was the most preferred feature for hybrid working. The findings offer data-driven insights for human-centric space planning and design of office spaces in the future, particularly in the context of hybrid working setups, hot-desking and co-working systems.

未来办公空间的发展态势显著受技术进步、工作模式变革以及从业者对提升福祉的诉求所塑造。联合办公空间（co-working space）作为一种替代性办公空间解决方案，兼具成本效益优势，可实现多样化灵活设计及多用途属性。本研究以伦敦一处灵活型联合办公空间为研究对象，基于空间与时间维度上的占用水平变化及用户行为数据，开展以人为中心的设计（human-centric design）选择分析。通过机器学习驱动的分析方法，本研究探究了时空使用模式，解析空间使用情况，计算了座位利用率，并识别出空间热点区域。本次分析所用数据集覆盖477天的传感器检测占用数据，包含超过1.4亿（145×10⁶）个数据点。此外，研究团队在一年多的周期内开展了13天的现场活动观测，记录了110个时间节点的相关信息，涵盖超过1000条关于从业者活动、室内环境、工作行为与偏好的快照记录。研究结果表明，紧邻窗户或位于更开放、连通性与可视性更强区域的共享办公区域，在沟通与办公场景中被显著偏好与使用；而位于可视性较低、私密性更高一侧的半封闭空间，则更适配专注办公场景。多用途灵活性是混合办公（hybrid working）模式下最受青睐的空间特征。本研究的发现可为未来办公空间的以人为中心的规划与设计提供数据驱动的决策洞见，尤其适用于混合办公场景、工位共享制（hot-desking）及联合办公系统的设计实践。