Non destructive test in ceramic coating using a prototype for detection of pathology

ABSTRACT In the construction sector there is a growing investment in the maintenance and repair of constructions, such as the pathologies found on floors with ceramic coating. Among the most common pathologies, it is possible to highlight the inadequate seating of the ceramic floor, which are characterized by the loss of adhesion of some plates to their base (substrate). Due to the probability of accidents involving users and the high costs of repair, this is considered an important pathology. The objective of this work is to present a new nondestructive test methodology, based on the development of a tool based on the kinetic and acoustic response of a prototype, which, when a ceramic floor with the loss of adhesion is produced, produces “cavo” sound and a significant loss of to identify the occurrence of this pathology. Six types of ceramic flooring were used, in compliance and in conformity with the Brazilian standard, and then the coefficients of restitution of each plate were determined. The impact sounds on the boards were also picked up by a microphone and a piezoelectric pickup and processed through the Realtime Analyzer program, which produces charts that relate frequency, amplitude, sound energy, and time. The results obtained by the prototype were compared to other non-standard methods: wood rod, threaded rod, steel bar and metal sphere. It was concluded that the prototype is feasible for the detection of pathology of settlement of ceramic floor, proving to be a preventive and non-destructive strategy.

摘要 建筑行业对建筑维护与修缮的投入持续增长，其中陶瓷饰面地板所出现的各类病害是重点关注方向之一。在诸多常见病害中，陶瓷地板铺贴不牢固的问题尤为突出，该病害表现为部分陶瓷砖与基层（substrate）之间的黏结力丧失。由于此类病害可能引发使用者安全事故且修缮成本高昂，因此被视为一类重要的建筑病害。本研究旨在提出一种新型无损检测方法：依托一款原型工具的开发，该工具基于动力学与声学响应原理，当检测到存在黏结力丧失问题的陶瓷地板时，会发出“cavo”声响，并通过显著的响应变化识别该病害的发生。本次研究选用了6种符合巴西国家标准的陶瓷地板，并测定了每块陶瓷砖的恢复系数。同时通过麦克风与压电拾音器采集陶瓷砖受冲击产生的声响，借助实时分析仪（Realtime Analyzer）程序进行处理，该程序可生成关联频率、振幅、声能与时间的可视化图表。将该原型工具所得的检测结果与其他非标准检测方法（木杆、螺纹杆、钢筋与金属球）进行对比后，研究结论表明，该原型工具可有效检测陶瓷地板铺贴不牢固的病害，是一种兼具预防性与无损性的检测策略。