Raw data 6–9 and 15.

Flat foot is a common condition marked by the collapse of the medial longitudinal arch, leading to altered lower limb biomechanics and increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries. We aimed to investigate if wide step width changes the lower limb inter-joint coordination and its variability in flat feet individuals. Twenty flat-footed individuals participated in this cross-sectional study. Lower limb kinematics were assessed by 3-dimensional motion analysis during walking and running on a treadmill with preferred and wide step widths while receiving visual feedback. Inter-joint coordination was quantified using vector-coding for joint angles in the hip, knee, and ankle. Wide walking showed a shift towards proximal joint motion in sagittal ankle-knee coordination during loading response during LR (p=0.006), an In-phase motion in transverse ankle-hip coordination during push-off (p=0.004), and an In-phase pattern in frontal knee-hip coordination during mid-stance (p=0.027). Frontal ankle and transverse knee coordination during push-off changed to In-phase (p=0.003). Wide running significantly shifted frontal ankle-hip coordination towards proximal joint motion during mid-stance (p=0.05). Transverse ankle-hip coordination showed an in-phase pattern in wide conditions during push-off (p=0.044), during LR (p=0.022). Wide walking, significantly increased coordination variability of the sagittal ankle-knee during LR and decreased transverse ankle-hip during push-off. Wide walking significantly increased coordination variability in ankle-knee in sagittal plane during LR (p

扁平足（flat foot）是一种以内侧纵弓（medial longitudinal arch）塌陷为特征的常见病症，可引发下肢生物力学（lower limb biomechanics）改变，并升高肌肉骨骼损伤（musculoskeletal injuries）的发病风险。本研究旨在探究宽步宽是否会改变扁平足个体的下肢关节间协调模式及其变异性。本项横断面研究（cross-sectional study）共纳入20名扁平足受试者。受试者在佩戴视觉反馈（visual feedback）的条件下，于跑步机（treadmill）上分别以自然步宽与宽步宽进行行走与跑步，期间采用三维运动分析（3-dimensional motion analysis）评估其下肢运动学特征。通过矢量编码（vector-coding）方法对髋、膝、踝关节的角度进行分析，以量化关节间协调（inter-joint coordination）情况。结果显示，宽步宽行走时，支撑反应相（loading response, LR）的矢状面踝-膝协调模式向近端关节运动偏移（p=0.006）；蹬伸相（push-off）的水平面踝-髋协调呈同相运动（p=0.004）；支撑中期（mid-stance）的冠状面膝-髋协调呈同相模式（p=0.027）。蹬伸相时的冠状面踝协调与水平面膝协调均转变为同相模式（p=0.003）。宽步宽跑步时，支撑中期的冠状面踝-髋协调显著向近端关节运动偏移（p=0.05）。水平面踝-髋协调在宽步宽条件下，蹬伸相（p=0.044）与支撑反应相（p=0.022）均呈现同相模式。宽步宽行走可显著增加支撑反应相矢状面踝-膝协调的变异性，并降低蹬伸相水平面踝-髋协调的变异性。宽步宽行走显著增加了支撑反应相矢状面踝-膝协调的变异性（p