Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service TEMPOral profiles (CAMS-TEMPO): global and European emission temporal profile maps for atmospheric chemistry modelling Earth System Science Data

We present the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service TEMPOral profiles (CAMS-TEMPO), a dataset of global and European emission temporal profiles that provides gridded monthly, daily, weekly and hourly weight factors for atmospheric chemistry modelling. CAMS-TEMPO includes temporal profiles for the priority air pollutants (NOx; SOx; NMVOC, non-methane volatile organic compound; NH3; CO; PM10; and PM2.5) and the greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) for each of the following anthropogenic source categories: energy industry (power plants), residential combustion, manufacturing industry, transport (road traffic and air traffic in airports) and agricultural activities (fertilizer use and livestock). The profiles are computed on a global 0.1 × 0.1∘ and regional European 0.1 × 0.05∘ grid following the domain and sector classification descriptions of the global and regional emission inventories developed under the CAMS programme. The profiles account for the variability of the main emission drivers of each sector. Statistical information linked to emission variability (e.g. electricity production and traffic counts) at national and local levels were collected and combined with existing meteorology-dependent parametrizations to account for the influences of sociodemographic factors and climatological conditions. Depending on the sector and the temporal resolution (i.e. monthly, weekly, daily and hourly) the resulting profiles are pollutant-dependent, year-dependent (i.e. time series from 2010 to 2017) and/or spatially dependent (i.e. the temporal weights vary per country or region). We provide a complete description of the data and methods used to build the CAMS-TEMPO profiles, and whenever possible, we evaluate the representativeness of the proxies used to compute the temporal weights against existing observational data. We find important discrepancies when comparing the obtained temporal weights with other currently used datasets. The CAMS-TEMPO data product including the global (CAMS-GLOB-TEMPOv2.1, https://doi.org/10.24380/ks45-9147, Guevara et al., 2020a) and regional European (CAMS-REG-TEMPOv2.1, https://doi.org/10.24380/1cx4-zy68, Guevara et al., 2020b) temporal profiles are distributed from the Emissions of atmospheric Compounds and Compilation of Ancillary Data (ECCAD) system (https://eccad.aeris-data.fr/, last access: February 2021).

本研究提出哥白尼大气监测服务时间廓线数据集（Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service TEMPOral profiles, CAMS-TEMPO），该数据集涵盖全球与欧洲排放时间廓线，可为大气化学模拟提供网格化的月、日、周、小时尺度权重因子。CAMS-TEMPO包含优先关注的空气污染物（氮氧化物（NOₓ）、硫氧化物（SOₓ）、非甲烷挥发性有机物（non-methane volatile organic compound, NMVOC）、氨（NH₃）、一氧化碳（CO）、可吸入颗粒物（PM10）及细颗粒物（PM2.5））与温室气体（二氧化碳（CO₂）、甲烷（CH₄））的时间廓线，覆盖以下几类人为源排放类别：能源工业（发电厂）、民用燃烧、制造业、交通运输（道路交通及机场航空运输）以及农业活动（化肥施用与畜禽养殖）。该时间廓线基于全球0.1°×0.1°与欧洲区域0.1°×0.05°的网格进行计算，遵循CAMS计划下开发的全球及区域排放清单的区域范围与行业分类标准。该廓线充分考虑了各行业主要排放驱动因子的变化特征：研究收集了国家及地方尺度下与排放变化相关的统计信息（如发电量与交通流量），并结合已有的气象依赖型参数化方案，以表征社会人口因素与气候条件的影响。根据行业类型与时间分辨率（月、周、日、小时尺度）的不同，所得时间廓线分别与污染物种类、年份（2010至2017年的时间序列）及/或空间尺度相关，即时间权重随国家或区域而异。本研究完整阐述了构建CAMS-TEMPO时间廓线所用的数据与方法，并尽可能基于现有观测数据，对用于计算时间权重的代用指标的代表性进行了评估。研究发现，将所得时间权重与当前其他常用数据集进行对比时，存在显著差异。CAMS-TEMPO数据集产品包含全球尺度（CAMS-GLOB-TEMPOv2.1，https://doi.org/10.24380/ks45-9147，Guevara等人，2020a）与欧洲区域尺度（CAMS-REG-TEMPOv2.1，https://doi.org/10.24380/1cx4-zy68，Guevara等人，2020b）的时间廓线，可通过大气化合物排放与辅助数据汇编系统（Emissions of atmospheric Compounds and Compilation of Auxiliary Data, ECCAD，https://eccad.aeris-data.fr/，最后访问时间：2021年2月）获取。