HIV Open Data Project: National HIV Prevention Program Monitoring and Evaluation (NHM&E) - Client Level

CDC has partnered with community-based organizations (CBOs) for many years to expand the reach of HIV prevention efforts. This partnership is important because CBOs often have access to at-risk populations and maintain relationships with communities to which health departments may not have direct access. Currently, CDC funds approximately 153 CBOs through three program announcements to provide HIV prevention services to the following critical target populations who are at high risk for HIV transmission: - Young men of color who have sex with men and young transgender persons of color (PS11-1113) - Racial/ethnic minority communities, MSM, IDU, and HIV-infected persons (PS10-1003) - Persons at risk for HIV in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands (PS08-803) In December 2011, CDC developed a National HIV Prevention Program Monitoring and Evaluation (NHM&E) framework for monitoring HIV prevention programs at CBOs across all three program announcements. To address the National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS) and the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention (DHAP) strategic plan, CDC developed monitoring and evaluation (M&E) questions that align with the goals defined by NHAS and DHAP. The NHM&E reporting requirements for CDC directly funded CBOs began with an in-depth analysis of NHAS goals, DHAP strategic plan goals, program announcement objectives, accumulated experiences from working with CBOs, and lessons learned from those experiences. M&E questions were developed from this analysis and reflect the objectives outlined in the three program announcements. Process indicators were developed to assess the M&E questions, and, lastly, variables were developed to directly measure the process indicators. The NHM&E reporting requirements provide a new approach to evaluating HIV prevention programs. The focus has shifted to emphasize priority program processes and only collecting data that are needed to answer critical M&E questions. As a result, there is a significant reduction in data reporting burden on CBOs-an approximate 65% reduction in reporting requirements. Also, CDC is obtaining a data entry system that allows CBOs to have real-time access to their data to help improve program processes. The new data system will calculate NHM&E process indicators. CBOs will be able to generate reports based on their data.

美国疾病控制与预防中心（Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC）多年来一直与社区组织（Community-Based Organizations, CBOs）开展合作，以扩大艾滋病病毒（Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV）预防工作的覆盖范围。此类合作至关重要，因社区组织通常可接触到高危人群，且与卫生部门无法直接对接的社区保持着紧密联系。
目前，CDC通过三项项目公告向约153家社区组织提供资助，为以下三类面临HIV高传播风险的关键目标人群提供预防服务：
- 少数族裔男男性行为青年与少数族裔跨性别青年（项目编号PS11-1113）
- 种族/族裔少数群体、男男性行为者（Men Who Have Sex with Men, MSM）、注射吸毒者（Injecting Drug User, IDU）以及HIV感染者（项目编号PS10-1003）
- 波多黎各联邦与美属维尔京群岛的HIV高危人群（项目编号PS08-803）
2011年12月，CDC制定了《全国HIV预防项目监测与评价框架》（National HIV Prevention Program Monitoring and Evaluation, NHM&E），用于对上述三项项目公告覆盖的社区组织所开展的HIV预防项目进行监测。为落实《全国艾滋病战略》（National HIV/AIDS Strategy, NHAS）与艾滋病预防司（Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, DHAP）的战略规划，CDC制定了与NHAS及DHAP所明确目标相契合的监测与评价（Monitoring and Evaluation, M&E）问题框架。
NHM&E对CDC直接资助的社区组织的报告要求，源自对NHAS目标、DHAP战略规划目标、项目公告目标、与社区组织合作积累的经验以及从这些经验中汲取的教训的深度分析。监测与评价问题正是基于此项分析制定，且充分体现了三项项目公告中列明的目标。研究人员制定了过程指标以评估上述监测与评价问题，随后进一步开发了可直接衡量这些过程指标的变量。
NHM&E报告要求为HIV预防项目评估提供了全新路径，其核心转向优先关注项目关键流程，仅收集用于回答核心监测与评价问题所需的数据。由此，社区组织的数据报告负担大幅降低——报告要求降幅约达65%。此外，CDC正搭建一套数据录入系统，使社区组织能够实时访问自身数据，助力其优化项目流程。新系统将自动计算NHM&E过程指标，社区组织也可基于自身数据生成各类报告。