Suppl.Data5_16S.Root.z.score.txt from Consortia of anti-nematode fungi and bacteria in the rhizosphere of soybean plants attacked by root-knot nematodes

Cyst and root-knot nematodes are major risk factors of agroecosystem management, often causing devastating impacts on crop production. The use of microbes that parasitize or prey on nematodes has been considered as a promising approach for suppressing phytopathogenic nematode populations. However, effects and persistence of those biological control agents often vary substantially depending on regions, soil characteristics and agricultural practices: more insights into microbial community processes are required to develop reproducible control of nematode populations. By performing high-throughput sequencing profiling of bacteria and fungi, we examined how root and soil microbiomes differ between benign and nematode-infected plant individuals in a soybean field in Japan. Results indicated that various taxonomic groups of bacteria and fungi occurred preferentially on the soybean individuals infected by root-knot nematodes or those uninfected by nematodes. Based on a network analysis of potential microbe–microbe associations, we further found that several fungal taxa potentially preying on nematodes (Dactylellina (Orbiliales), Rhizophydium (Rhizophydiales), Clonostachys (Hypocreales), Pochonia (Hypocreales) and Purpureocillium (Hypocreales)) co-occurred in the soybean rhizosphere at a small spatial scale. This study suggests how ‘consortia’ of anti-nematode microbes can derive from indigenous (resident) microbiomes, providing basic information for managing anti-nematode microbial communities in agroecosystems.

胞囊线虫（cyst nematode）与根结线虫（root-knot nematode）是农业生态系统管理中的主要风险因子，常对作物生产造成毁灭性影响。利用寄生或捕食线虫的微生物，被认为是抑制植物病原线虫（phytopathogenic nematode）种群的极具前景的防治手段。然而，此类生物防治制剂的防治效果与持效性往往因区域、土壤特性及农业生产模式的不同而存在显著差异；若要开发出可重复的线虫种群防治方案，还需对微生物群落过程开展更深入的研究。本研究通过对细菌与真菌开展高通量测序（high-throughput sequencing）分析，对日本某大豆田中健康植株与线虫侵染植株的根际及土壤微生物组（microbiome）差异进行了探究。研究结果显示，各类细菌与真菌分类群分别倾向于聚集在被根结线虫侵染的大豆植株，或是未被线虫侵染的大豆植株上。基于对潜在微生物互作关系开展的网络分析，本研究进一步发现，若干潜在具备线虫捕食能力的真菌分类群——包括捕食线虫丝孢菌属（Dactylellina，Orbiliales）、根生壶菌属（Rhizophydium，Rhizophydiales）、粘帚霉属（Clonostachys，肉座菌目Hypocreales）、淡紫紫孢菌属（Pochonia，肉座菌目Hypocreales）以及紫霉属（Purpureocillium，肉座菌目Hypocreales）——在小空间尺度下的大豆根际（rhizosphere）中共存。本研究揭示了抗线虫微生物的“微生物联合体”如何从土著（常驻）微生物组中衍生而来，可为农业生态系统中的抗线虫微生物群落管理提供基础科学依据。