Table_1_Dance Intervention Impact on Brain Plasticity: A Randomized 6-Month fMRI Study in Non-expert Older Adults.DOCX

Background: Dance is a complex activity combining physical exercise with cognitive, social, and artistic stimulation.
Objectives: We aimed to assess the effects of dance intervention (DI) on intra and inter-network resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) and its association to cognitive changes in a group of non-demented elderly participants.
Methods: Participants were randomly assigned into two groups: DI and life as usual (LAU). Six-month-long DI consisted of supervised 60 min lessons three times per week. Resting-state fMRI data were processed using independent component analysis to evaluate the intra and inter-network connectivity of large-scale brain networks. Interaction between group (DI, LAU) and visit (baseline, follow-up) was assessed using ANOVA, and DI-induced changes in rs-FC were correlated with cognitive outcomes.
Results: Data were analyzed in 68 participants (DI; n = 36 and LAU; n = 32). A significant behavioral effect was found in the attention domain, with Z scores increasing in the DI group and decreasing in the LAU group (p = 0.017). The DI as compared to LAU led to a significant rs-FC increase of the default mode network (DMN) and specific inter-network pairings, including insulo-opercular and right frontoparietal/frontoparietal control networks (p = 0.019 and p = 0.023), visual and language/DMN networks (p = 0.012 and p = 0.015), and cerebellar and visual/language networks (p = 0.015 and p = 0.003). The crosstalk of the insulo-opercular and right frontoparietal networks were associated with attention/executive domain Z-scores (R = 0.401, p = 0.015, and R = 0.412, p = 0.012).
Conclusion: The DI led to intervention-specific complex brain plasticity changes that were of cognitive relevance.

背景：舞蹈是一种融合躯体运动与认知、社交及艺术刺激的复杂活动。
目标：本研究旨在评估舞蹈干预（Dance Intervention, DI）对非痴呆老年群体脑网络内部及网络间静息态功能连接（resting-state functional connectivity, rs-FC）的影响，及其与认知功能变化的关联。
方法：将受试者随机分为两组：舞蹈干预组（DI）与常规生活组（Life as Usual, LAU）。为期6个月的舞蹈干预方案为每周3次、每次60分钟的督导式课程。采用独立成分分析处理静息态功能磁共振成像（fMRI）数据，以评估大型脑网络的内部及网络间连接特性。通过方差分析（ANOVA）检验分组（DI、LAU）与访视时间点（基线、随访）的交互效应，并将舞蹈干预引发的rs-FC变化与认知结局进行相关性分析。
结果：最终纳入68名受试者的数据进行分析（DI组n=36，LAU组n=32）。在注意力领域观察到显著的行为学效应：DI组的Z评分呈上升趋势，而LAU组则呈下降趋势（p=0.017）。与LAU组相比，DI组的默认模式网络（Default Mode Network, DMN）及特定网络配对的rs-FC显著升高，具体包括岛盖网络与右侧额顶/额顶控制网络（p=0.019、p=0.023）、视觉网络与语言/DMN网络（p=0.012、p=0.015），以及小脑网络与视觉/语言网络（p=0.015、p=0.003）。岛盖网络与右侧额顶网络的信号串扰与注意力/执行领域的Z评分显著相关（R=0.401，p=0.015；R=0.412，p=0.012）。
结论：舞蹈干预可引发具有认知相关性的、干预特异性的复杂脑可塑性变化。